THE EGYPTIAN CAMPAIGNS. THE EGYPTIAN CAMPAIGNS 1882 TO 1885. _NEW AND REVISED EDITION, CONTINUED TO DECEMBER, 1899._ BY CHARLES ROYLE, Late of the Royal Navy, Barrister-at-Law, Judge of the Egyptian Court of Appeal. ILLUSTRATED BY MAPS AND PLANS. LONDON HURST AND BLACKETT, LIMITED 13, GREAT MARLBOROUGH STREET 1900. _ALL RIGHTS RESERVED_ PREFACE. In the new and revised Edition of "THE EGYPTIAN CAMPAIGNS," the history of the military operations in Egypt has been brought down to the present time, so as to include all the recent fighting in the Soudan. This has been accompanied by a slight alteration in the title of the Book, as well as by the elimination of such details contained in the original work as are no longer of general interest. The space thus gained has been utilized for the purpose of bringing before the reader the chief events of a military character which have occurred in the interval which has elapsed since the Book first appeared. It has been the object of the Author to make the work in its present form a complete narrative of the rise and fall of the Arabist and Mahdist movements, as well as a history of England's intervention in Egypt, this last a subject on which many persons entertain somewhat vague and indistinct ideas. C. R. CAIRO, December, 1899. CONTENTS. CHAP. PAGE. I. EGYPTIAN FINANCE 1 II. ISMAIL PASHA 7 III. THE MILITARY MOVEMENT 12 IV. TRIUMPH OF THE ARMY 17 V. FOREIGN INTERVENTION 23 VI. CRITICAL POSITION 32 VII. THE RIOTS AT ALEXANDRIA 44 VIII. THE ALEXANDRIA BOMBARDMENT 60 IX. OBSERVATIONS ON THE BOMBARDMENT 75 X. THE DAY AFTER THE BOMBARDMENT 85 XI. ALEXANDRIA DURING THE BOMBARDMENT 90 XII. EVENTS ON SHORE 98 XIII. THE SITUATION 106 XIV. MILITARY OPERATIONS 114 XV. THE CONFERENCE 120 XVI. THE PORTE AND THE POWERS 127 XVII. WOLSELEY'S MOVE TO THE CANAL 131 XVIII. DE LESSEPS AND THE CANAL 137 XIX. SEIZURE OF THE SUEZ CANAL 144 XX. TEL-EL-MAHUTA TO MAHSAMEH 153 XXI. KASSASSIN 159 XXII. TEL-EL-KEBIR 168 XXIII. CAPTURE OF CAIRO AND COLLAPSE OF THE REBELLION 180 XXIV. ENGLAND AND THE PORTE 193