The Elementary Forms of the Religious LifeDurkheim, Émile
Religion
The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life
Durkheim, Émile
Cults; Religion; Religion -- Philosophy; Rites and ceremonies; Totemism
things will thus be arranged in a sort of tableau or systematic
classification embracing the whole of nature.
We have given a certain number of these classifications elsewhere;[430]
at present we shall confine ourselves to repeating a few of these as
examples. One of the best known of these is the one found in the Mount
Gambier tribe. This tribe includes two phratries, named respectively the
Kumite and the Kroki; each of these, in its turn, is subdivided into
five clans. Now "everything in nature belongs to one or another of these
ten clans";[431] Fison and Howitt say that they are all "included"
within it. In fact, they are classified under these ten totems just like
species in their respective classes. This is well shown by the following
table based on information gathered by Curr and by Fison and
Howitt.[432]
PHRATRIES. CLANS. THINGS CLASSED IN EACH CLAN.
{ Fish-hawk { Smoke, honeysuckle, certain
{ { trees, etc.
{ Pelican { Blackwood-trees, dogs, fire,
{ { frost, etc.
KUMITE { Crow { Rain, thunder, lightning,
{ { clouds, hail, winter, etc.
{ Black cockatoo { The stars, the moon, etc.
{ A non-poisonous snake { Fish, seal, eel, the
{ stringybark-tree, etc.
{ Tea-tree { Duck, crayfish, owls, etc.
{ An edible root { Bustard, quail, a small
KROKI { { kangaroo, etc.
{ A white crestless cockatoo { Kangaroo, the summer, the
{ { sun, wind, the autumn, etc.
{ Details are lacking for the fourth and fifth Kroki clans.
The list of things attached to each clan is quite incomplete; Curr
himself warns us that he has limited himself to enumerating some of
them. But through the work of Mathews and of Howitt[433] we have more
extended information to-day on the classification adopted by the
Wotjobaluk tribe, which enables us to understand better how a system of
this kind is able to include the whole universe, as known to the
natives. The Wotjobaluk also are divided into two phratries called
Gurogity and Gumaty (Krokitch and Gamutch according to Howitt[434]); not
to prolong this enumeration, we shall content ourselves with indicating,
after Mathews, the things classed in some of the clans of the Gurogity
phratry.
In the clan of the Yam are classified the plain-turkey, the native cat,
the _mopoke_, the _dyim-dyim_ owl, the _mallee_ hen, the rosella parrot,
the peewee.
In the Mussel[435] clan are the grey emu, the porcupine, the curlew, the
white cockatoo, the wood-duck, the _mallee_ lizard, the stinking turtle,
the flying squirrel, the ring-tail opossum, the bronze-wing pigeon, the
_wijuggla_.
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