I.--Sacred character of the totemic animals--Prohibition to eat them, kill them or pick the totemic plants--Different moderations given these prohibitions--Prohibition of contact--The sacred character of the animal is less marked than that of the emblem 128 II.--The man--His relationship with the totemic animal or plant--Different myths explaining this relationship--The sacred character of the man is more apparent in certain parts of the organism: the blood, hair, etc.--How this character varies with sex and age--Totemism is not plant or animal worship 134 CHAPTER III TOTEMIC BELIEFS--(_continued_) _The Cosmological System of Totemism and the Idea of Class_ I.--The classification of things into clans, phratries and classes 141 II.--Genesis of the notion of class: the first classifications of things take their forms from society--Differences between the sentiment of the differences of things and the idea of class-- Why this is of social origin 144 III.--Religious significance of these classifications: all of the things classified into a clan partake of the nature of the totem and its sacred character--The cosmological system of totemism--Totemism as the tribal religion 148 CHAPTER IV TOTEMIC BELIEFS--(_end_) _The Individual Totem and the Sexual Totem_ I.--Individual totem as a forename; its sacred character-- Individual totem as personal emblem--Bonds between the man and his individual totem--Relations with the collective totem 157 II.--The totems of sexual groups--Resemblances and differences with the collective and individual totems--Their tribal nature 165 CHAPTER V ORIGINS OF THESE BELIEFS _Critical Examination of Preceding Theories_ I.--Theories which derive totemism from a previous religion: from the ancestor cult (Wilken and Tylor); from the nature cult (Jevons)--Criticism of these theories 168 II.--Theories which derive collective totemism from individual totemism--Origins attributed by these theories to the individual totem (Frazer, Boas, Hill Tout)--Improbability of these hypotheses--Reasons showing the priority of the collective totem 172 III.--Recent theory of Frazer: _conceptional_ and local totemism--The begging of the question upon which it rests--The religious character of the totem is denied--Local totemism is not primitive 180 IV.--Theory of Lang: that the totem is only a name--Difficulties in explaining the religious character of totemic practices from this point of view 184