Smooth: Surface even, without any of the following distinctive characters. Alveolate: Marked by depressions separated by thin walls so as to resemble a honeycomb (Fig. 144). Punctate: Dotted with punctures like pin-pricks. Bullate: Like a blistered surface, rising in convex prominences, rather coarse. Vesicular: More or less covered with minute vesicles due to gas formation; more minute than bullate. [Illustration: FIG. 143.--Surface elevation of colonies: a, Flat; b, raised; c, convex; d, pulvinate; e, capitate; f, umbilicate; g, conical; h, umbonate.] [Illustration: FIG. 144.--Types of colonies--alveolate.] Verrucose: Wart-like, bearing wart-like prominences. Squamose: Scaly, covered with scales. Echinate: Beset with pointed prominences. Papillate: Beset with nipple or mamma-like processes. Rugose: Short irregular folds, due to shrinkage of surface growth. Corrugated: In long folds, due to shrinkage. Contoured: An irregular but smoothly undulating surface, resembling the surface of a relief map. Rimose: Abounding in chinks, clefts, or cracks. (D) ~Internal Structure of Colony~ (_Microscopical_).-- Refraction Weak: Outline and surface of relief not strongly defined. Refraction Strong: Outline and surface of relief strongly defined; dense, not filamentous colonies. [Illustration: FIG. 145.--Types of colonies: a, Grumose; b, moruloid; c, clouded.] 1. _General_: Amorphous: Without any definite structure, such as is specified below. Hyaline: Clear and colourless. Homogeneous: Structure uniform throughout all parts of the colony. Homochromous: Colour uniform throughout. 2. _Granulations or Blotchings_: Finely granular. Coarsely granular. Grumose: Coarser than the preceding, with a clotted appearance, and particles in clustered grains (Fig. 145, a). Moruloid: Having the character of a mulberry, segmented, by which the colony is divided in more or less regular segments (Fig. 145, b). Clouded: Having a pale ground, with ill-defined patches of a deeper tint (Fig. 145, c). [Illustration: FIG. 146.--Types of colonies: a, Reticulate; b, gyrose; c, marmorated.] 3. _Colony Marking or Striping_: Reticulate: In the form of a network, like the veins of a leaf (Fig. 146, a). Areolate: Divided into rather irregular, or angular, spaces by more or less definite boundaries. Gyrose: Marked by wavy lines, indefinitely placed (Fig. 146, b). Marmorated: Showing faint, irregular stripes, or traversed by vein-like markings, as in marble (Fig. 146, c). Rivulose: Marked by lines like the rivers of a map. Rimose: Showing chinks, cracks, or clefts. [Illustration: FIG. 147.--Types of colonies--curled.] 4. _Filamentous Colonies:_ Filamentous: As already defined. Floccose: Composed of filaments, densely placed. Curled: Filaments in parallel strands, like locks or ringlets (Fig. 147). (E) ~Edges of Colonies.~-- Entire: Without toothing or division (Fig. 148, a). Undulate: Wavy (Fig. 148, b).