_Aristate_, awned, i. e. furnished with an _arista_, like the beard of Barley, &c., 54. _Aristulate_, diminutive of the last; short-awned. _Arrect_, brought into upright position. _Arrow-shaped_ or _Arrow-headed_, same as _sagittate_, 53. _Articulated_, jointed; furnished with joints or _articulations_, where it separates or inclines to do so. _Articulated leaves_, 57. _Artificial Classification_, 181. _Ascending_ (stems, &c.), 39; (seeds or ovules), 110. _Ascidium_, a pitcher-shaped body, like leaves of Sarracenia. _Ascus_ (_asci_), a sac, the spore-case of Lichens and some Fungi. _Aspergilliform_, shaped like the brush used to sprinkle holy water; as the stigmas of many Grasses. _Asperous_, rough to touch. _Assimilation_, 144, 147. _Assurgent_, same as ascending, 39. _Atropous_ or _Atropal_ (ovules), same as orthotropous. _Aurantiacous_, orange-colored. _Aureous_, golden. _Auriculate_, furnished with _auricles_ or ear-like appendages, 53. _Autogamy_, self-fertilization, 115. _Awl-shaped_, sharp-pointed from a broader base, 61. _Awn_, the bristle or beard of Barley, Oats, &c.; or any similar appendage. _Awned_ or _Awn-pointed_, furnished with an awn or long bristle-shaped tip, 54. _Axil_, the angle on the upper side between a leaf and the stem, 13. _Axile_, belonging to the axis, or occupying the axis. _Axillary_ (buds, &c.), occurring in an axil, 27. _Axis_, the central line of any body; the organ round which others are attached; the root and stem. _Ascending_ and _Descending Axis_, 38. _Baccate_, berried, berry-like, of a pulpy nature like a berry (_bacca_). _Badius_, chestnut-colored. _Banner_, see Standard, 92. _Barbate_, bearded; bearing tufts, spots, or lines of hairs. _Barbed_, furnished with a _barb_ or double hook; as the apex of the bristle on the fruit of Echinospermum (Stickseed), &c. _Barbellate_, said of the bristles of the pappus of some Compositæ when beset with short, stiff hairs, longer than when denticulate, but shorter than when plumose. _Barbellulate_, diminutive of barbellate. _Bark_, the covering of a stem outside of the wood, 138, 140. _Basal_, belonging or attached to the _Base_, that extremity of any organ by which it is attached to its support. _Basifixed_, attached by its base. _Bast_, _Bast-fibres_, 134. _Beaked_, ending in a prolonged narrow tip. _Bearded_, see _barbate_. _Beard_ is sometimes used for awn, more commonly for long or stiff hairs of any sort. _Bell-shaped_, of the shape of a bell, as the corolla of Harebell, 90. _Berry_, a fruit pulpy or juicy throughout, as a grape, 119. _Bi-_ (or _Bis_), in compound words, twice; as _Biarticulate_, twice-jointed, or two-jointed; separating into two pieces. _Biauriculate_, having two ears, as the leaf in fig. 126. _Bicallose_, having two callosities or harder spots. _Bicarinate_, two-keeled. _Bicipital_ (_Biceps_), two-headed; dividing into two parts. _Biconjugate_, twice paired, as when a petiole forks twice.