184. No two or more leaves ever grow from the same point. The so-called _Fascicled_ or _Clustered_ leaves are the leaves of a branch the nodes of which are very close, just as they are in the bud, so keeping the leaves in a cluster. This is evident in the Larch (Fig. 184), in which examination shows each cluster to be made up of numerous leaves crowded on a spur or short axis. In spring there are only such clusters; but in summer some of them lengthen into ordinary shoots with scattered alternate leaves. So, likewise, each cluster of two or three needle-shaped leaves in Pitch Pines (as in Fig. 185), or of five leaves in White Pine, answers to a similar extremely short branch, springing from the axil of a thin and slender scale, which represents a leaf of the main shoot. For Pines produce two kinds of leaves,--1. primary, the proper leaves of the shoots, not as foliage, but in the shape of delicate scales in spring, which soon fall away; and 2. secondary, the _fascicled_ leaves, from buds in the axils of the former, and these form the actual foliage. 185. =Phyllotaxy of Alternate Leaves.= Alternate leaves are distributed along the stem in an order which is uniform for each species. The arrangement in all its modifications is said to be _spiral_, because, if we draw a line from the _insertion_ (i. e. the point of attachment) of one leaf to that of the next, and so on, this line will wind spirally around the stem as it rises, and in the same species will always bear the same number of leaves for each turn round the stem. That is, any two successive leaves will always be separated from each other by an equal portion of the circumference of the stem. The distance in _height_ between any two leaves may vary greatly, even on the same shoot, for that depends upon the length of the _internodes_, or spaces between the leaves; but the distance as measured around the circumference (in other words, the _Angular Divergence_, or angle formed by any two successive leaves) is uniformly the same. 186. =Two-ranked.= The greatest possible divergence is, of course, where the second leaf stands on exactly the opposite side of the stem from the first, the third on the side opposite the second, and therefore over the first, and the fourth over the second. This brings all the leaves into two ranks, one on one side of the stem and one on the other, and is therefore called the _Two-ranked_ arrangement. It occurs in all Grasses,--in Indian Corn, for instance; also, in the Basswood (Fig. 181). This is the simplest of all arrangements, and the one which most widely distributes successive leaves, but which therefore gives the fewest vertical ranks. Next is the