Vascular Cryptogams, Pteridophytes 156 Horsetails (Equisetaceæ), Ferns 157 Club-Mosses (Lycopodium), &c. 161 Quillworts (Isoetes), Pillworts (Marsilia) 161 Azolla. Cellular Cryptogams 162 Bryophytes. Mosses (Musci) 163 Liverworts (Hepaticæ) 164 Thallophytes 165 Characeæ 167 Algæ, Seaweeds, &c. 168 Lichenes or Lichens 171 Fungi 172 SECTION XVIII. CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE 175 § 1. KINDS AND RELATIONSHIP 175 Species, Varieties, Individuals 176 Genera, Orders, Classes, &c. 177 § 2. NAMES, TERMS AND CHARACTERS 178 Nomenclature of Genera, Species, and Varieties 179 Nomenclature of Orders, Classes, &c. Terminology 180 § 3. SYSTEM 181 Artificial and Natural 182 Synopsis of Series, Classes, &c. 183 SECTION XIX. BOTANICAL WORK 184 § 1. COLLECTION OR HERBORIZATION 184 § 2. HERBARIUM 186 § 3. INVESTIGATION AND DETERMINATION OF PLANTS 187 § 4. SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS 188 ABBREVIATIONS OF THE NAMES OF BOTANISTS 190 GLOSSARY COMBINED WITH INDEX 193 ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. Section I. INTRODUCTORY. 1. BOTANY is the name of the science of the vegetable kingdom in general; that is, of plants. 2. Plants may be studied as to their kinds and relationships. This study is SYSTEMATIC BOTANY. An enumeration of the kinds of vegetables, as far as known, classified according to their various degrees of resemblance or difference, constitutes a general _System of plants_. A similar account of the vegetables of any particular country or district is called a _Flora_.