The Elements of Botany, For Beginners and For SchoolsGray, Asa
Science
The Elements of Botany, For Beginners and For Schools
Gray, Asa
Plants
220. Wherever there are bracts or leaves, buds may be produced from
their axils and appear as flowers. Fig. 212 represents the case where
the branches, _b b_, of Fig. 211, each with a pair of small leaves or
bracts about their middle, have branched again, and produced the
branchlets and flowers _c c_, on each side. It is the continued
repetition of this which forms the full or compound cyme, such as that
of the Laurestinus, Hobble-bush, Dogwood, and Hydrangea (Fig. 214).
[Illustration: Fig. 214. Compound cyme of Hydrangea arborescens, with
neutral enlarged flowers round the circumference.]
221. =A Fascicle= (meaning a bundle), like that of the Sweet William and
Lychnis of the gardens, is only a cyme with the flowers much crowded.
222. =A Glomerule= is a cyme still more compacted, so as to imitate a
head. It may be known from a true head by the flowers not expanding
centripetally, that is, not from the circumference towards the centre.
223. The illustrations of determinate or _cymose_ inflorescence have
been taken from plants with opposite leaves, which give rise to the most
regular cymes. But the Rose, Cinquefoil, Buttercup, etc., with alternate
leaves, furnish also good examples of cymose inflorescence.
224. =A Cymule= (or diminutive cyme) is either a reduced small cyme of
few flowers, or a branch of a compound cyme, i. e. a partial cyme.
225. =Scorpioid= or =Helicoid Cymes=, of various sorts, are forms of
determinate inflorescence (often puzzling to the student) in which one
half of the ramification fails to appear. So that they may be called
_incomplete cymes_. The commoner forms may be understood by comparing a
complete cyme, like that of Fig. 215 with Fig. 216, the diagram of a
cyme of an opposite-leaved plant, having a series of terminal flowers
and the axis continued by the development of a branch in the axil of
only one of the leaves at each node. The dotted lines on the left
indicate the place of the wanting branches, which if present would
convert this _scorpioid cyme_ into the complete one of Fig. 215. Fig.
217 is a diagram of similar inflorescence with alternate leaves. Both
are kinds of _false racemes_ (219). When the bracts are also wanting in
such cases, as in many Borragineous plants, the true nature of the
inflorescence is very much disguised.
[Illustration: Fig. 215. A complete forking cyme of an Arenaria, or
Chickweed.]
[Illustration: Fig. 216. Diagram of a scorpioid cyme, with opposite
leaves or bracts.]
[Illustration: Fig. 217. Diagram of analogous scorpioid cyme, with
alternate leaves or bracts.]
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