Punishable character of an offence, capacity for understanding the, 221, 228 -- offences against children, 254-269 Punishment, conditional remission of, 231-232 -- corporal, 33, 34. _See also_ Flogging Punishments and rewards, 196 Quality of population, 20-41 Quantity of population, 3-10 Rachitis, 127, 162 Rape, 259, 260 Recognition, 90 Reformatory education, coercive, 75, 152, 154, 223, 236-241 -- schools, 236-241 -- system, 236-241 Regeneration, 86, 88 Relative as guardian, 110 Release, conditional, 231-232 -- on parole, 231, 232 Religious and moral instruction, 199-201 Religious motives for ill-treating children, 262 Repressive measures, 42, 55 Reprimand, 230 Rescue homes, 146 Reserve army of labour, 51 Resident wet-nurses, 131 Responsibility, criminal, 221-225, 228 _et seq._ Rewards and punishments, 196 Rickets, 127, 162 Sanatoria, 183 Scattered homes, 146 School and juvenile criminality, 229, 230 -- attendance, compulsory, 168, 188, 189 -- baths, 202 -- care after leaving, 211-215 -- diseases, 202 -- feeding, 209-211 -- gardens, 202 -- hygiene, 202 -- kitchens, 210 -- nurses, 203 -- physicians, 67, 202, 203 -- public elementary, 185-216 -- savings banks, 209 -- teachers, 172, 265 -- unified elementary, 216 Schools, agricultural, 214 -- for mothers, 138, 139 -- for the blind, 181 -- industrial, 238 -- of child-protection, 66 -- of public welfare, 66 -- preparatory, 208 -- reformatory, 236-241 Science, 193, 194 Scrofula, 50 Seasonal variations in birth-rate, 24 Seduction, 260 Selection, artificial, 25-41 -- natural, 25-41, 45-47 Semi-urban colonies, 183 Sentence, conditional, 231-232 Servants, domestic, 37, 169, 250 Sexual education, 197-199 -- enlightenment of children, 197-199 -- motives for ill-treating children, 262 -- relations, illegitimate, 15, 16 Sicily, 163 Siege of Paris, infant mortality during, 127 Social developments of the near future, 39-41, 56, 57 -- hygiene, 179, 180 Socialism, 51-57 -- and palliatives, 56, 57 Societies for prevention of cruelty to children, 265 Special schools for defective children, 181, 182 State as “over-parent,” 74-76 Still-birth, 11, 93, 166, 167 Stomach disorders, 50 Summer and child mortality, 24 Supervised playgrounds for children, 208 Supervision of family care, 150-152 Sweden, 127 Switzerland, 117, 157, 182, 209 Syphilis, 80, 93, 94, 96, 118, 129 -- congenital, 132 Tobacco, 267, 269 Towns, child mortality in, 22, 23 Training ships, 146 Transmission of venereal diseases, 84, 85 Truants, 195 Tuberculosis, 42, 80, 127, 129, 182, 202 Turn-table, 44, 45, 142, 143 Tutors and governesses, 186, 187 Underfeeding of proletarian children, 178, 179