The Elements of Qualitative Chemical Analysis, vol. 1, parts 1 and 2.: With Special Consideration of the Application of the Laws of Equilibrium and of the Modern Theories of Solution.Stieglitz, Julius
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The Elements of Qualitative Chemical Analysis, vol. 1, parts 1 and 2.: With Special Consideration of the Application of the Laws of Equilibrium and of the Modern Theories of Solution.
Stieglitz, Julius
Chemistry, Analytic -- Qualitative
The concentration of a pure solid, as we have seen, may be considered
a constant at a given temperature. Consequently, if we consider the
question of the size of the solid particles as a minor factor and
negligible, we shall conclude, that, for saturated solutions of
silver acetate, the concentration of the solid silver acetate being
a constant, the concentration of the nonionized or molecular silver
acetate, the first term of our constant ratio II, must also have some
definite, constant value at a given temperature. We may call this
concentration the "molecular solubility" of silver acetate and may put
[CH_{3}COOAg] = K_{mol. sol.} III
for a ‹saturated› solution of silver acetate in water at the given
temperature. Now, since the concentration of the nonionized silver
acetate, [CH_{3}COOAg], in the saturated solution also forms the
second term of equation I, representing the condition of chemical
equilibrium between the acetate and its ions, we obtain, by combining
I and III,
[CH_{3}COO^{−}] × [Ag^{+}] = K_{Ionization} × K_{mol. sol.}
= K_{Solubility-Product}. IV
Further, if the assumption is made that the presence of foreign
electrolytes, in not too concentrated solutions, does not affect
either the molecular solubility, K_{mol. sol.}, of silver acetate
or its tendency to ionize—as expressed in K_{Ionization}—then, the
[p141] relation, which has been developed, would hold for saturated
aqueous solutions of silver acetate in the presence of foreign
electrolytes, as well as for a saturated, pure, aqueous solution.
A single, simple equation would thus express the conditions for
simultaneous chemical and physical equilibrium between a difficultly
soluble ionogen, of the type of silver acetate, and its saturated
solutions, at a given temperature, in the presence or the absence of
foreign electrolytes.
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