THE ELEUSINIAN MYSTERIES AND RITES By DUDLEY WRIGHT INTRODUCTION BY THE REV. J. FORT NEWTON, D.Litt., D.D. _Past Grand Chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Iowa, U.S.A._ THE THEOSOPHICAL PUBLISHING HOUSE LONDON--DENVER 1919 [Illustration] _Reproduced by permission of the Encyclopædia Britannica._ PLAN OF THE SACRED BUILDINGS OF ELEUSIS. 1. Temple of Artemis Propylæa. 2. Outer Propylæon. 3. Inner Propylæon. 4. Temple of Demeter. 5. Outer Enclosure of the Sacred Buildings. 6. Inner Enclosure. PREFACE At one time the Mysteries of the various nations were the only vehicle of religion throughout the world, and it is not impossible that the very name of religion might have become obsolete but for the support of the periodical celebrations which preserved all the forms and ceremonials, rites and practices of sacred worship. With regard to the connection, supposed or real, between Freemasonry and the Mysteries, it is a remarkable coincidence that there is scarcely a single ceremony in the former that has not its corresponding rite in one or other of the Ancient Mysteries. The question as to which is the original is an important one to the student. The Masonic antiquarian maintains that Freemasonry is not a scion snatched with a violent hand from the Mysteries--whether Pythagorean, Hermetic, Samothracian, Eleusinian, Drusian, Druidical, or the like--but is the original institution, from which all the Mysteries were derived. In the opinion of the renowned Dr. George Oliver: "There is ample testimony to establish the fact that the Mysteries of all nations were originally the same, and diversified only by the accidental circumstances of local situation and political economy." The original foundation of the Mysteries has, however, never been established. Herodotus ascribed the institution of the Eleusinian Mysteries to Egyptian influences, while Pococke declares them to have been of Tartar origin, and to have combined Brahmanical and Buddhistic ideas. Others are equally of opinion that their origin must be sought for in Persia, while at least one writer--and who, in these days, will declare the theory to be fanciful?--ventures the opinion that it is not improbable that they were practised among the Atlanteans.