E-text prepared by Curtis Weyant, David King, and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team from page images generously made available by the Making of America Collection of the University of Michigan Library (http://www.hti.umich.edu/m/moagrp/) Note: Images of the original pages are available through the Making of America Collection of the University of Michigan Library. See http://www.hti.umich.edu/m/moagrp/ The Monarchies of Continental Europe THE EMPIRE OF AUSTRIA; ITS RISE AND PRESENT POWER by JOHN S. C. ABBOTT New York; Published by Mason Brothers, Cincinnati: Rickey, Mallory & Co. Stereotyped by Thomas B. Smith, 82 & 84 Beekman St. Printed By C. A. Alvord. 15 Vandewater St. 1859 PREFACE The studies of the author of this work, for the last ten years, in writing the "History of Napoleon Bonaparte," and "The French Revolution of 1789," have necessarily made him quite familiar with the monarchies of Europe. He has met with so much that was strange and romantic in their career, that he has been interested to undertake, as it were, a _biography_ of the Monarchies of Continental Europe--their birth, education, exploits, progress and present condition. He has commenced with Austria. There are abundant materials for this work. The Life of Austria embraces all that is wild and wonderful in history; her early struggles for aggrandizement--the fierce strife with the Turks, as wave after wave of Moslem invasion rolled up the Danube--the long conflicts and bloody persecutions of the Reformation--the thirty years' religious war--the meteoric career of Gustavus Adolphus and Charles XII. shooting athwart the lurid storms of battle--the intrigues of Popes--the enormous pride, power and encroachments of Louis XIV.--the warfare of the Spanish succession and the Polish dismemberment--all these events combine in a sublime tragedy which fiction may in vain attempt to parallel. It is affecting to observe in the history of Germany, through what woes humanity has passed in attaining even its present position of civilization. It is to be hoped that the human family may never again suffer what it has already endured. We shall be indeed insane if we do not gain some wisdom from the struggles and the calamities of those who have gone before us. The narrative of the career of the Austrian Empire, must, by contrast, excite emotions of gratitude in every American bosom. Our lines have fallen to us in pleasant places; we have a goodly heritage. It is the author's intention soon to issue, as the second of this series, the History of the Empire of Russia. JOHN S. C. ABBOTT. Brunswick, Maine, 1859. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. RHODOLPH OF HAPSBURG. From 1232 to 1291.