The Treaty of Passau.--The Emperor yields.--His continued Reverses.--The Toleration Compromise.--Mutual Dissatisfaction.--Remarkable Despondency of the Emperor Charles.--His Address to the Convention at Brussels.-- The Convent of St. Justus.--Charles returns to Spain.--His Convent Life.--The Mock Burial.--His Death.--His Traits of Character.--The King's Compliment to Titian.--The Condition of Austria.--Rapid Advance of the Turks.--Reasons for the Inaction of the Christians.--The Sultan's Method of Overcoming Difficulties.--The little Fortress of Guntz.--What it accomplished. Page 186 CHAPTER X. FERDINAND I.--HIS WARS AND INTRIGUES. From 1555 to 1562. John of Tapoli.--The Instability of Compacts.--The Sultan's Demands.--A Reign of War.--Powers and Duties of the Monarchs of Bohemia.--The Diet.--The King's Desire to crush Protestantism.--The Entrance to Prague.--Terror of the Inhabitants.--The King's Conditions.--The Bloody Diet.--Disciplinary Measures.--The establishment of the Order of Jesuits.--Abdication of Charles V. in Favor of Ferdinand.--Power of the Pope.--Paul IV.--A quiet but powerful Blow.--The Progress of the Reformers.--Attempts to reconcile the Protestants.--The unsuccessful Assembly. Page 151 CHAPTER XI. DEATH OF FERDINAND I.--ACCESSION OF MAXIMILIAN II. From 1562 to 1576. The Council of Trent.--Spread of the Reformation.--Ferdinand's Attempt to influence the Pope.--His Arguments against Celibacy.--Stubbornness of the Pope.--Maximilian II.--Displeasure of Ferdinand.--Motives for not abjuring the Catholic Faith.--Religious Strife in Europe.--Maximilian's Address to Charles IX.--Mutual Toleration.--Romantic Pastime of War.--Heroism of Nicholas, Count of Zeini.--Accession of Power to Austria.--Accession of Rhodolph III.--Death of Maximilian. Page 166 CHAPTER XII. CHARACTER OF MAXIMILIAN.--SUCCESSION OF RHODOLPH III. From 1576 to 1604. Character of Maximilian.--His Accomplishments.--His Wife.--Fate of his Children.--Rhodolph III.--The Liberty of Worship.--Means of Emancipation.--Rhodolph's Attempts against Protestantism.--Declaration of a higher Law.--Theological Differences.--The Confederacy at Heilbrun.--The Gregorian Calendar.--Intolerance in Bohemia.--The Trap of the Monks.--Invasion of the Turks.--Their Defeat.--Coalition with Sigismond.--Sale of Transylvania.--Rule of Basta.--The Empire captured and recaptured.--Devastation of the Country.--Treatment of Stephen Botskoi. Page 182 CHAPTER XIII. RHODOLPH III. AND MATTHIAS. From 1604 to 1609.