The Employments of Women: A Cyclopædia of Woman's WorkPenny, Virginia
General
The Employments of Women: A Cyclopædia of Woman's Work
Penny, Virginia
Women -- Employment
Weaving requires a little more
labor and skill than the other departments. None under sixteen years are
allowed to weave. Women are so employed over New England, much of New
York, and Pennsylvania, but mostly in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and
Connecticut. There is always a demand for girl weavers. It requires from
one to three months to learn to weave. They will continue to grow more
expert for three years. They weave by the cut from thirty to forty
pounds. The wages of an expert weaver are from $4 to $6 per week; board,
$1.50 per week. Men weavers are paid per cut the same. An expert weaver
attends four looms, weaving from 150 to 160 yards per day. Seamers
generally pay their way at the end of four weeks. The employment is not
thought unhealthy.
* * * * *
=177. Linen Manufacture.= Very little flax has been raised in this
country. The quantity grown was mostly for the seed and the fibre.
Ireland grows and exports large quantities. The soil is not adapted to
its growth. It is the result of the most severe labor and high culture.
In France, almost every peasant woman has a flax plot. She tends its
growth, reaps, dresses, spins, bleaches, and weaves it herself. Some
women are there employed in rotting flax and hemp. Generally, the
manufacturers of flax goods confine themselves to special departments.
Some take the raw flax, and convert it into yarn, and then stop. Some
take the yarn and weave it, and when woven, bleach it; and some only
take the unbleached woven cloth, and bleach it. In D. & Co.'s
establishment in Ireland, all the departments are combined. Eight
thousand people are dependent on this firm for support. Of these, four
hundred females are employed in spinning and weaving flax. Hand-loom
linen weaving is carried on chiefly in the north of Ireland, and, for
the most part, made subsidiary to other employments--therefore, not the
sole dependence of families. Women are employed in flax mills, in this
country, England, and Canada West. A manufacturer writes from a village
in New York: "The business is healthy, and women can do any part of the
work, as well as men. Here, men receive from $9 to $14 per month. While
learning, I pay my men $11 per month, and board them. The work is done
in cold weather, away from the fire, and requires strong, healthy
persons, warmly clad. The business is increasing in this country. The
best season for work is from October till May, and sometimes later. It
is not heavy work. I would pay women $5 a month and board, while
learning; but to men would pay $11 a month and board." (Justice!) The
treasurer of the Boston flax mills writes: "Dear Madam, women are
employed on the different machines in preparing the stock, and in
spinning and weaving. They are employed largely in England, Scotland,
and Ireland, but not much in the United States. They are paid from fifty
to seventy-five cents a day, and from fifty cents to $1 for piecework.
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