The Employments of Women: A Cyclopædia of Woman's WorkPenny, Virginia
General
The Employments of Women: A Cyclopædia of Woman's Work
Penny, Virginia
Women -- Employment
The agent of the Howe Manufacturing Company, in Connecticut, reports:
"Our work is all done by the piece. The earnings of the workwomen vary
according to their skill, diligence, and the number of hours spent at
work. Average in April last, $11.09--in four weeks. Highest earnings of
one individual $22.09 (equal to $5.54 per week). Small girls earn from
$1 to $1.50 per week, and work six or eight hours. Men and women do not
perform the same kind of labor in our establishment. Why all persons are
not paid equally for equal labor, I do not feel competent to explain. A
knowledge of our work is soon acquired. Learners are paid for what they
do. A good character and reputation, honesty, fidelity, common
mechanical ability, and diligence are desirable qualifications. We
generally find the hands we want in our own immediate neighborhood. Our
work is considered desirable, and much sought for. In all seasons the
hands are equally employed, except dry seasons, when we are short of
water to drive our machinery. Our _stock_ hands generally stay with us
till they get married or lay up so much money that they are able to get
along with less labor, or become too old or infirm to work to advantage.
Some have stayed with us over twenty years, many over ten years. The
number of hours for work is discretionary. We seldom request industrious
hands to work more hours than they choose. Our hands sometimes work
twelve or fourteen hours, at their pleasure. Small girls, of whom we
employ but five or six, seldom work ten hours. The number of women and
girls employed in our establishment heretofore has been variable,
averaging perhaps thirty. We are using improved machinery, which has
already reduced the number, and will reduce it still more. Our work is
peculiarly adapted to female labor. Nearly all our hands are American
born. In twenty-two years' business, we have seldom, if ever, had an
adult woman employed who was unable to sign her name to the pay roll.
Our adult women have the churches and lyceum lectures, which I believe
they generally attend. Their time for reading, for the most part, will
be evenings and Sundays. Small girls can attend our district school free
of cost." A manufacturer, in Seymour, Connecticut, writes: "We pay from
$3 to $4 per week. We employ no men in sticking and packing, and, if we
were not particular as to whom we employ, we could reduce the amount of
our monthly pay roll a large per cent. It requires very little practice
to learn the part of our business done by women, and in most cases we
pay them full wages upon entering the mill. No special qualifications
are needed. The kind of business we pursue will always be carried on,
but of course can never become very common. No difference in the
seasons, and the girls are never thrown out of employment. Under the
present regulations they work eleven hours, and the time could not well
be shortened, as that would tend to derange the other departments of our
business.
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