Empresses -- Rome -- Biography; Women -- Rome -- Biography
In the settled years of his reign we begin again to recognize the
various personalities of the court. The Empress herself is more or
less involved in a piquant obscurity. Until the end of the seventeenth
century her name was unknown, and a great deal of romantic legend
was reproduced in regard to her. Cardinal Baronius found in “Acts of
St. Susanna” that her name was St. Serena, a martyr for the Christian
faith. Other “Acts” of the martyrs furnished a St. Eleuthera and a St.
Alexandra as consorts of Diocletian. He seemed to have been an Imperial
Bluebeard. But in 1679 the manuscript was found of an early Christian
work, “On the Deaths of the Persecutors,” and the earlier writings
were proved, in the words of the learned Franciscan, Father Pagi, to
be fictitious and full of untruths. The many saintly martyrs gave way
to an Empress Prisca, who broke down lamentably at the first test of
her faith. It is very curious that we have no coins whatever of Prisca,
though she must have lived through the whole reign of Diocletian. This,
and the fact that she left him many years before his death, suggest
either that she was not married to him at all or that he had little
regard for her. She was, in any case, a woman of weak and retiring
character, and is mentioned only in association with her daughter.
Valeria was a beautiful, attractive, and spirited young woman, with a
good deal of the strength, and not a little of the ambition, of her
father. She was married to Galerius, the Cæsar whom Diocletian had
chosen, and remained with him by the side of the Emperor. Galerius was,
as I said, of peasant origin, and never laid aside the uncultivated
roughness of his class. Diocletian had, by diligent education, erased
the traces of his own lowly origin, but his peasant colleagues had
gone straight from the soil to the camp, and the work of a soldier had
not given them the least inclination to seek culture. The character of
Galerius has been painted in the most lurid colours on account of his
persecution of the Christians, but it is significant that both Valeria
and Prisca clung to his court when Diocletian retired. His mother,
Romula, and other rustic relatives were attracted to his court. There
was, it is clear, a most incongruous group of personalities about the
court of Diocletian, and in the nineteenth year of his reign they were
shaken by a severe storm. The great and final struggle began between
the old faith and the new, and Prisca and Valeria favoured the latter.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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