Empresses -- Rome -- Biography; Women -- Rome -- Biography
The later Byzantine writers give a rounded story of these events, and,
on the whole, one is disposed to think that in this case they are
revealing the suppressed truth. Theophanes (in his “Chronographia”)
says that a eunuch named Chrysaphius rose into favour, and urged
Eudocia to secure the dismissal of Pulcheria. They persuade Theodosius
that, since Pulcheria has taken a vow of virginity, her proper place
is among the deaconesses of the Church, and Archbishop Flavian is
instructed to take her away. Flavian, however, prefers to have her in
the palace, and he directs her simply to live apart for a time and
wait. Then, in 440, occurs the execution--one may almost say murder--of
Paulinus. These later Greek writers all give a romantic story in
connexion with it. As Theodosius and Eudocia go to church on Epiphany
morning, a peasant presents the Emperor with a remarkably large apple.
He gives it to Eudocia, who privately sends it to Paulinus. Unluckily,
Paulinus in turn presents it to the Emperor, who sternly asks Eudocia
what she has done with it. She declares, and repeats with a most
solemn oath, that she has eaten it. Paulinus is at once sent away, and
decapitated. A much nearer and more weighty authority, John Malala,
confirms, in substance, this story of the apple, and says that Paulinus
was suspected of intimacy with the Empress. There is no serious reason
to doubt it, nor is any other reason suggested for the murder of
Paulinus; but whether Eudocia was guilty, or the suspicion was inspired
by the servants of Pulcheria, we are unable to determine.
The eunuch then, says Theophanes, presses Eudocia to attack Flavian and
Pulcheria. He reminds her of “all the bitter things she had endured
from Pulcheria,” and covers the human motive with a pretence of
religious zeal. We know, at least, that Eudocia embraced the Eutychian
heresy, which Chrysaphius had adopted, and that a Church-council was
summoned in 441 that put an end to Flavian. The intrigue, however,
runs on in obscurity until Eudocia suddenly asks permission to retire
to Jerusalem. Theodosius could not divorce her, but we can easily
believe that, as these writers say, he treated her with such severity,
repeatedly reminding her of Paulinus, that she was driven into exile.
Pulcheria returned to the palace, and resumed her control of the
Emperor and the Empire.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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