The Energy System of Matter: A Deduction from Terrestrial Energy PhenomenaWeir, James, active 1883-1912
Science
The Energy System of Matter: A Deduction from Terrestrial Energy Phenomena
Weir, James, active 1883-1912
Force and energy
In the special case of the earth, which will be dealt with in some
detail, it is the object of this work to show that its property of
complete energy conservation is amply verified by terrestrial phenomena.
The extension of the principle from the earth to the whole planetary
system has been made on precisely the same grounds as Newton extended
the observed phenomena to his famous generalisation with respect to
gravitation.
PART II
PRINCIPLES OF INCEPTION
13. _Illustrative Secondary Processes_
In this part of the work, an attempt will be made to place before the
reader some of the purely terrestrial and other evidential phenomena on
which the conclusions of the preceding General Statement are founded.
The complete and absolute verification of that Statement is obviously
beyond experimental device. Bound, as we are, within the confines of one
planet, and unable to communicate with the others, we can have no direct
experimental acquaintance with really separate bodies (§ 5) in space.
But, if from purely terrestrial experience we can have no direct proofs
on such matters, we have strong evidential conclusions which cannot be
gainsayed. If the same kind of energy operates throughout the solar
system, the experimental knowledge of its properties gained in one field
of research is valuable, and may be readily utilised in another. The
phenomena which are available to us for study are, of course, simply the
ordinary energy processes of the earth--those operations which in the
foregoing Statement have been described as secondary energy processes.
Their variety is infinite, and the author has accordingly selected
merely a few typical examples to illustrate the salient points of the
scheme. The energy acting in these secondary processes is, in every
case, derived, either directly or indirectly, from the energy of
rotation or axial energy of the earth. In themselves, the processes may
be either energy transformations or energy transmissions or a
combination of both these operations. When the action involves the
bodily movement of material mass in space, the dynamical energy thus
manifested, and which may be transmitted by the movement of this
material, is termed mechanical or "work" energy (§ 31); when the energy
active in the process is manifested as heat, chemical, or electrical
energy, we apply to it the term "molecular" energy. The significance of
these terms is readily seen. The operation of mechanical or "work"
energy on a mass of material may readily proceed without any permanent
alteration in the internal arrangement or general structure of that
mass. Mechanical or "work" energy is dissociated from any molecular
action. On the other hand, the application of such forms of energy as
heat or electrical energy to material leads to distinctly molecular or
internal effects, in which some alteration in the constitution of the
body affected may ensue. Hence the use of the terms, which of course is
completely arbitrary.
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