The Energy System of Matter: A Deduction from Terrestrial Energy PhenomenaWeir, James, active 1883-1912
Science
The Energy System of Matter: A Deduction from Terrestrial Energy Phenomena
Weir, James, active 1883-1912
Force and energy
This energised rotating spherical mass is thus the primal conception of
the energy scheme now to be outlined. It will be readily seen that, as a
primal conception, it is essentially and entirely natural; so much so,
indeed, that any one familiar with rotatory motion might readily predict
from ordinary experience the resulting phenomena on which the scheme is,
more or less, based.
When energy is applied to the mass, the first phenomenon of note will be
that, as the mass rotates, it departs from its originally spherical
shape. By the action of what is usually termed centrifugal force, the
rotating body will be distorted; it will be flattened at the polar or
regions of lowest velocity situated at the extremities of the axis of
rotation, and it will be correspondingly distended at the equatorial or
regions of highest velocity. The spherical body will, in fact, assume a
more or less discoidal form according to the amount of energy applied to
it; there will be a redistribution of the original spherical matter;
certain portions of the mass will be forced into new positions more
remote from the central axis of rotation.
4. _The Gravitation Field_
These phenomena of motion are the outward evidence of certain energy
processes. The distortional movement of the material is carried out
against the action and within the field of certain forces which exist in
the mass of material in virtue of its gravitative or cohesive qualities.
It is carried out also in virtue of the application of energy to the
sphere, which energy has been, as it were, transformed or worked down,
in the distortional movement, against the restraining action of this
gravitation field or influence. The outward displacement of the material
from the central axis is thus coincident with a gain of energy to the
mass, this gain of energy being, of course, at the expense of, and by
the direct transformation of, the originally applied energy. It is
stored in the distorted material as energy of position, potential
energy, or energy of displacement relative to the central axis. But, in
the distortive movement, the mass will also gain energy in other forms.
The movement of one portion of its material relative to another will
give rise (since it is carried out under the gravitational influence) to
a fractional process in which, as we know from terrestrial experience,
heat and electrical energy will make their appearance. These forms of
energy will give rise, in their turn, to all the phenomena usually
attendant on their application to material. As already pointed out also,
the whole mass gains, in varying degree, energy of motion or kinetic
energy. It would appear, then, that although energy was nominally
applied to the mass in one form only, yet by its characteristic property
of transformation it has in reality manifested itself in several
entirely different forms. It is important to note the part played in
these transformation processes by the gravitation field or influence.
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