Characteristics of the Period--Renewed Scandinavian Invasions-- Legislation--Archbishop AElfheah: his Martyrdom--End of the Danish War--Cnut and the Church--The King's Clerks--Spiritual Decadence--Foreigners appointed to English Sees--Effect of these Appointments--Party Struggles--Earl Harold--Pilgrimages--A Legatine Visit--A Schismatical Archbishop--The Papacy and the Conquest--Summary: The National Character of the Church before the Norman Conquest 55 CHAPTER V. ROYAL SUPREMACY. The Conqueror and Lanfranc--Canterbury and York--Separate Ecclesiastical System--Removal of Sees--Extent and Limits of Papal Influence--The Conqueror's Bishops--Change in the Character of the Church--An Appeal to Rome--Feudal Tendencies-- St. Anselm--Struggle against Tyranny--Investitures--Henry I.-- Councils--Legates--Independence of the See of York--Summary 77 CHAPTER VI. CLERICAL PRETENSIONS. Stephen and the English Church--Archbishop Theobald and Henry of Winchester--Thomas the Chancellor--The Scutage of Toulouse-- Thomas the Archbishop--Clerical Immunity--The Archbishop in Exile--His Martyrdom--Henry's General Relations to the Church-- Conquest of Ireland--Richard's Crusade--Longchamp--Archbishop Hubert Walter--Character of the Clergy 105 CHAPTER VII. VASSALAGE. The Alliance between the Church and the Crown--Coronation of John--Quarrel between John and the Pope--The Interdict-- Vassalage of England--The Great Charter--Papal Tutelage of Henry III.--Taxation of Spiritualities--Papal Oppression-- Edmund Rich, Archbishop--Robert Grosseteste, Bishop of Lincoln--Alienation from Rome--Civil War--Increase of Clerical Pretensions--The Canon Law 135 CHAPTER VIII. THE CHURCH AND THE NATION. Character of the Reign of Edward I.--Archbishop Peckham-- Statute of Mortmain--Conquest of Wales--Circumspecte Agatis-- Expulsion of the Jews--Clerical Taxation and Representation in Parliament--Breach between the Crown and the Papacy-- Confirmation of the Charters--Archbishop Winchelsey and the Rights of the Crown--The English Parliament and Papal Exactions--Church and State during the Reign of Edward II.-- Papal Provisions to Bishoprics--The Bishops and Secular Politics--The Province of York--Parliament and Convocation 161 CHAPTER IX. THE PAPACY AND THE PARLIAMENT. Ecclesiastical Character of the Reign of Edward III.-- Archbishops and their Ecclesiastical Administration-- Provisions--Statute of Provisors--Statute of Praemunire-- Refusal of Tribute--Relations between the Church and the State--Causes of Discontent at the Condition of the Church-- Attack on Clerical Ministers and the Wealthy Clergy--Concordat with the Papacy--The Good Parliament--Conclusion 192