Sir Balthazar Gerbier’s “Counsel to Builders”--“Captain Wynne” and his Work--Hamstead Marshall and Old Buckingham House--London after the Great Fire--City Halls and Churches--Some Smaller Houses Outside London 161 VIII. GREAT HOUSES AND GARDENS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Houses of the Nobility--Grandeur of the Designs and Lay Outs--Boughton House, Dyrham Park, and Chatsworth--Nicholas Hawksmoor and his Work at Easton Neston--Lord Burlington and Sir John Vanbrugh--Castle Howard and Blenheim--Formal and Landscape Gardens 195 IX. GEORGIAN HOUSES The Character of Eighteenth-Century Houses--Campbell, Gibbs, and other Designers--Interior Design and Decoration--Typical Georgian Mansions: Houghton and Wentworth Woodhouse--The Woods of Bath and Contemporary Town-Planning--William Kent and Holkham--The Brothers Adam 237 X. SMALLER HOUSES, TOWN HOUSES, AND EXTERIOR FEATURES Charm of the Smaller Georgian House--Streets and Market Places of Country Towns--Inns and Shops--London Houses of the Period--Their Interior Planning--Growth of the Suburbs in the Nineteenth Century--Exterior Features of Smaller Georgian Houses: Chimneys, Gates, Doors, and Porches--Cupolas, Lantern Lights, Date-Stones, and Sundials--Garden Ornaments--Ornamental Iron and Lead Work 287 XI. DECORATION AND INTERIOR FEATURES OF EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY HOUSES Evolution of the Staircase--Its Treatment in Wood and Stone--The Classic Over-Door--Decoration of Walls: Wood Panelling and Carving, Moulded Plaster, Wall Paper, and Tapestry--The Chimney-Piece, the Fire-Grate and its Accessories--Modelled and Painted Ceilings--Gradual Decline of the Personal Note in Craftsmanship--Conclusion 351 APPENDIX I.--SIR ROGER PRATT 395 APPENDIX II.--THE ARCHITECTS OF COLESHILL, BERKSHIRE 399 INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS AND TEXT 401 [Illustration: FIG. 1.--VIEW OF WHITEHALL PALACE AS IT WOULD HAVE APPEARED IF COMPLETED. (_from a water-colour drawing by Thomas Sandby, R.A._)] =THE ENGLISH HOME FROM CHARLES I. TO GEORGE IV.= I INTRODUCTION In England, more than in any other country, the affections of people in all ranks of life have clung round their homes; and to learn something of how those homes have changed in disposition and appearance with the changing times is an occupation not only fascinating in itself, but one which leads into regions of that personal interest which lends life and colour to the pictures of the historian.