"That witen ge well alle, thaet we willen & unnen (grant) thaet ure raedesmen alle other, the moare del of heom, thaet beoth ichosen thurg us and thurg thaet loandes-folk on ure Kuneriche, habbith idon, and schullen don, in the worthnes of God, and ure threowthe, for the freme of the loande, thurg the besigte of than toforen iseide raedesmen, beo stedfaest and ilestinde in alle thinge abutan aende, and we heaten alle ure treowe, in the treowthe thaet heo us ogen, thet heo stede-feslliche healden & weren to healden & to swerien the isetnesses thet beon makede and beo to makien, thurg than toforen iseide raedesmen, other thurg the moare del of heom alswo, also hit is before iseide. And thet aeheother helpe thet for to done bitham ilche other, aganes alle men in alle thet heo ogt for to done, and to foangen. And noan ne of mine loande, ne of egetewhere, thurg this besigte, muge beon ilet other iwersed on oniewise. And gif oni ether onie cumen her ongenes, we willen & heaten, thaet alle ure treowe heom healden deadlichistan. And for thaet we willen thaet this beo staedfast and lestinde, we senden gew this writ open, iseined with ure seel, to halden amanges gew ine hord. Witnes us-selven aet Lundaen, thaene egetetenthe day on the monthe of Octobr, in the two and fowertigthe geare of ure crunning." s. 178. The songs amongst the political verses printed by the Camden Society, the romance of Havelok the Dane, {121} William and the Werwolf, the Gestes of Alisaundre, King Horn, Ipomedon, and the King of Tars; and, amongst the longer works, Robert of Gloucester's Chronicle, and the poems of Robert of Bourn (Brunn), are (amongst others) Old English. Broadly speaking, the _Old_ English may be said to begin with the reign of Henry III., and to end with that of Edward III. In the Old English the following forms predominate. 1. A fuller inflection of the demonstrative pronoun, or definite article; _than_, _thenne_, _thaere_, _tham_;--in contradistinction to the Middle English. 2. The presence of the dative singular in _-e_; _ende_, _smithe_;--_ditto_. 3. The existence of a genitive plural in _-r_ or _-ra_; _heora_, theirs; _aller_, of all;--_ditto_. This with substantives and adjectives is less common. 4. The substitution of _heo_ for _they_, of _heora_ for _their_, of _hem_ for _them_;--in contradistinction to the later stages of English, and in contradistinction to old Lowland _Scotch_. (See Chapter III.) 5. A more frequent use of _min_ and _thin_, for _my_ and _thy_;--in contradistinction to middle and modern English. 6. The use of _heo_ for _she_;--in contradistinction to middle and modern English and old Lowland _Scotch_. 7. The use of broader vowels; as in _iclep_u_d_ or _iclep_o_d_ (for _iclep_e_d_ or _ycl_e_pt_); _geong_o_st_, youngest; _ascode_, asked; _eldore_, elder.