In the Latin _pater_, and in the English _father_, we have one of two things, either two words descended or derived from each other, or two words descended or derived from a common original source. In _fathers_ we have a formation deduced from the radical word _father_. {216} In _fatherlike_ we have a compound word capable of being analysed into the two primitive words, 1. _father_; 2. _like_. With these preliminaries we may appreciate (or criticise) Dr. Johnson's explanation of the word etymology. "ETYMOLOGY, N. S. (_etymologia_, Lat.) [Greek: etumos] (_etymos_) _true_, and [Greek: logos] (_logos_) _a word_. "1. _The descent or derivation of a word from its original; the deduction of formations from the radical word; the analysis of compounds into primitives._ "2. _The part of grammar which delivers the inflections of nouns and verbs._" * * * * * {217} CHAPTER II. ON GENDER. s. 271. The nature of gender is best exhibited by reference to those languages wherein the distinction of gender is most conspicuous. Such a language, amongst others, is the Latin. How far is there such a thing as gender in the English language? This depends upon the meaning that we attach to the word gender. In the Latin language, where there are confessedly genders, we have the words _taurus_, meaning a _bull_, and _vacca_, meaning a _cow_. Here the natural distinction of sex is expressed by _wholly_ different words. With this we have corresponding modes of expression in English: _e.g._, _Male._ _Female._ | _Male._ _Female._ | Bachelor Spinster. | Horse Mare. Boar Sow. | Ram Ewe. Boy Girl. | Son Daughter. Brother Sister. | Uncle Aunt. Buck Doe. | Father Mother, &c. The mode, however, of expressing different sexes by _wholly_ different words is not a matter of gender. The words _boy_ and _girl_ bear no _etymological_ relation to each other; neither being derived from the other, nor in any way connected with it. s. 272. Neither are words like _cock-sparrow_, _man-servant_, _he-goat_, &c., as compared with _hen-sparrow_, _maid-servant_, _she-goat_, &c., specimens of gender. Here a difference of sex is indicated by the addition of a fresh term, from which is formed a compound word. s. 273. In the Latin words _genitrix_=_a mother_, and _genitor_=_a father_, we have a nearer approach to gender. Here the difference of sex is expressed by a difference of termination; {218} the words _genitor_ and _genitrix_ being in a true etymological relation, _i. e._, either derived from each other, or from some common source. With this we have, in English corresponding modes of expression: _e. g._,