Lufian =_to love_=_amare_. Baernan=_to burn_=_urere_. Syllan =_to give_=_dare_. Be it observed, that the _-en_ in words like _strengthen_, &c., is a derivational termination, and by no means a representation of the Anglo-Saxon infinitive inflection. The Anglo-Saxon infinitive inflection is lost in the present English, except in certain provincial dialects. In Anglo-Saxon the dative of the infinitive verb ended in _-nne_, and was (as a matter of syntax) generally, perhaps always, preceded by the preposition _to_. To lufienne =_ad amandum_. To baernenne=_ad urendum_. To syllanne =_ad dandum_. The genitive, ending in _-es_, occurs only in Old High German and Modern High German, _pl[^a]sannes_, _weinnenes_. s. 346. With these preliminaries we can take a clear view of the English infinitives. They exist under two forms, and are referable to a double origin. 1. The independent form.--This is used after the words _can_, _may_, _shall_, _will_, and some others, as, _I can speak_, _I may go_, _I shall come_, _I will move_. Here there is no preposition, and the origin of the infinitive is from the form in _-an_. 2. The prepositional form.--This is used after the majority of English verbs, as _I wish to speak_, _I mean to go_, _I intend to come_, _I determine to move_. Here we have the preposition _to_ and the origin of the infinitive is from the form in _-nne_. Expressions like _to err_=_error_, _to forgive_=_forgiveness_, in lines like To err is human, to forgive divine, are very remarkable. They exhibit the phenomena of a nominative case having grown not only out of a dative but out of a dative _plus_ its governing preposition. * * * * * {292} CHAPTER XVIII. ON DERIVED VERBS. s. 347. Of number, person, mood, tense, and conjugation, special notice is taken in their respective chapters. Of the divisions of verbs into active and passive, transitive and intransitive, unless there be an accompanying change of form, etymology takes no cognisance. The forces of the auxiliary verbs, and the tenses to which they are equivalent, are also points of syntax rather than of etymology. Four classes, however, of derived verbs, as opposed to simple, especially deserve notice. I. Those ending in _-en_; as _soften_, _whiten_, _strengthen_, &c. Here it has been already remarked that the _-en_ is a derivational affix; and not a representative of the Anglo-Saxon infinitive form _-an_ (as _lufian_, _baernan_=_to love_, _to burn_), and the Old English _-en_ (as _tellen_, _loven_). II. Transitive verbs derived from intransitives by a change of the vowel of the root. _Primitive Intransitive Form._ _Derived Transitive Form._ Rise Raise. Lie Lay. Sit Set. Fall Fell. Drink Drench.