s. 440. _Yonder._--In the Moeso-Gothic we have the following forms: _j['a]inar_, _j['a]ina_, _j['a]inthr[^o]_=_illic_, _illuc_, _illinc_. They do not, however, explain the form _yon-d-er_. It is not clear whether the _d_=the _-d_ in _j[^a]ind_, or the _th_ in _j['a]inthro_. _Anon_, as used by Shakspeare, in the sense of _presently_.--The probable history of this word is as follows: the first syllable contains a root akin to the root _yon_, signifying _distance in place_. The second is a shortened form of the Old High German and Middle High German, _-nt_, a termination expressive, 1, of removal in space; 2, of removal in time; Old High German, _enont_, _ennont_; Middle High German, {376} _enentlig_, _jenunt_=_beyond_. The transition from the idea of _place_ to that of _time_ is shown in the Old High German, _n[^a]hunt_, and the Middle High German, _vernent_=_lately_; the first from the root _nigh_, the latter from the root _far_.--See Deutsche Grammatik, iii. 215. * * * * * {377} CHAPTER XXXV. ON WHEN, THEN, AND THAN. s. 441. The Anglo-Saxon adverbs are _whenne_ and _thenne_=_when_, _then_. The masculine accusative cases of the relative and demonstrative pronoun are _hwaene_ (_hwone_) and _thaene_ (_thone_). Notwithstanding the difference, the first form is a variety of the second; so that the adverbs _when_ and _then_ are pronominal in origin. As to the word _than_, the conjunction of comparison, it is a variety of _then_; the notions of _order_, _sequence_, and _comparison_ being allied. _This is good_: _then_ (or _next in order_) _that is good_, is an expression sufficiently similar to _this is better than that_ to have given rise to it. * * * * * {378} CHAPTER XXXVI. PREPOSITIONS AND CONJUNCTIONS. s. 442. _Prepositions._--Prepositions, as such, are wholly unsusceptible of inflection. Other parts of speech, in a state of inflection, may be used with a prepositional sense. This, however, is not an inflection of prepositions. No word is ever made a preposition by the addition of a derivational[59] element. If it were not for this, the practical classification of the prepositions, in respect to their form, would coincide with that of the adverbs. As it is, there are only the prepositions of deflection, and the absolute prepositions. On another principle of division there are the simple prepositions (_in_, _on_, &c.), and the complex prepositions (_upon_, _roundabout_, _across_). The prepositions of deflection, when simple, originate chiefly in adverbs, as _up_, _down_, _within_, _without_, unless, indeed, we change the assertion, and say that the words in point (and the others like them) are adverbs originating in prepositions. The absence of characteristic terminations renders these decisions difficult.