THE ENGLISH PRISON SYSTEM [Illustration] MACMILLAN AND CO., Limited LONDON . BOMBAY . CALCUTTA . MADRAS MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK . BOSTON . CHICAGO DALLAS . SAN FRANCISCO THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, Ltd. TORONTO THE ENGLISH PRISON SYSTEM BY Sir Evelyn Ruggles-Brise, K.C.B. CHAIRMAN OF THE PRISON COMMISSION FOR ENGLAND AND WALES AND PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL PRISON COMMISSION MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON 1921 _COPYRIGHT_ LIST OF CHAPTERS. PAGE. Preface i CHAPTER. I. The Meaning of Prison Reform 1 II. The Prison Commission: Offences, and Punishments 18 III. The History of Penal Servitude 23 IV. Penal Servitude to-day 39 V. Preventive Detention 49 VI. Imprisonment 59 VII. The Inquiry of 1894: the Prison Act, 1898: and the Criminal Justice Administration Act, 1914. 75 VIII. The Borstal System 85 IX. The Handmaids of the Prison System--(1) The Children Act, 1898; (2) The Probation Act, 1907. 101 X. Female Offenders 114 XI. Educative, Moral, and Religious Influences in Prison 124 XII. Labour in English Prisons 131 XIII. (1) Vagrancy; (2) Inebriety 142 XIV. "Patronage" or Aid to Discharged Prisoners: its effect on Recidivism 164 XV. The Medical Service 185 XVI. A Criminological Inquiry in English Prisons 198 XVII. (a) A Short Sketch of the Movement of Crime since 1872: (b) The War, 1914-18. 216 Appendix:--(a) Regulations &c., for Borstal Institutions 231 (b) Regulations for Preventive Detention Prisons 265 Index 268 CONTENTS. PAGE. Preface i CHAPTER I.--THE MEANING OF "PRISON REFORM." 1