The researches of later years, carried out more scientifically, have produced some definite information. In the first place, the source of the type in which the book is printed has been ascertained. It was used in 1477 and 1478 at Cologne by a printer named Gerard ten Raem, who printed five books with it; a _Vocabularius Ex quo_ issued in October 1477, two issues of a _Modus Confitendi_ published in January and October 1478 and a _Donatus_ and _Æsopus moralizatus_, both without date. These books are very rare; the only one in the British Museum or Bodleian being the _Donatus_. The Rylands Library contains the _Modus Confitendi_ with the October date. The University Library possesses the _Modus_ of January and the unique copy of the _Æsop_. Now not only are the types of the Oxford and Cologne printers identical, but both men made similar mistakes in the use of certain capitals, and we find both in the _Modus Confitendi_ and in the _Expositio_ a capital H frequently used in place of a capital P. This must be regarded as more than a mere coincidence and strong evidence of a connexion between the two presses. The Oxford printer also printed his capital Q sideways in his earliest book. The printing of the Cologne _Modus Confitendi_ was finished “in profesto undecim millium virginum,” that is on October 20; that of the Oxford _Expositio_ on December 17. This gives an interval of eight weeks between the issue of the two books, a time much too short to allow of the same printer having produced both books, even if there were not other reasons against it. Who then was the printer from Cologne who introduced printing into Oxford? I think we are quite justified in believing that he was the Theodoric Rood de Colonia, whose name is first found in an Oxford book of 1481. Mr Madan considers it would be unsafe to assume that Rood was the printer of the first three books, no doubt because the type in which they are printed disappeared absolutely and was never used again. But analogous cases are not unknown. For his first book the St Alban’s printer used a beautiful type which, except as signatures in two other books, never appeared again. It is extremely unfortunate that a source from which we might no doubt have learnt something about the introduction of printing into Oxford, and some details about the first printer, seems irrevocably lost. This is the volume of the registers of the Chancellor’s court covering the period between 1470 and 1497. In the volumes that remain, which contain records of all proceedings brought before the court, there are numerous references to stationers, and it may be taken as another piece of evidence against the 1468 date that there is no reference whatever to printing or printers between the years 1468 and 1470.