Nor is _Gwent_ the only district very near to Tidenham whose Welsh history can be traced down to the time of the Domesday Survey. There was another part of ancient Wales, the district of _Ergyng_, or _Archenfield_,--which included the 'Golden Valley' of the _Dour_. It lay, like Gwent--but further north--between the unmistakable boundaries of the Wye and the Usk, and it remained Welsh till conquered by Harold; and this is confirmed by the fact that the district of '_Arcenefelde_' is brought within the limits of the Domesday Survey[207] as an irregular addition to Herefordshire, just as Gwent was an annexe to Gloucestershire. «Both districts described in the Domesday Survey.» Here, then, we have two districts, one to the west and the other to the north of Tidenham, both of which clearly remained Welsh till conquered by Harold a few years before the Norman Conquest, and both of them are described in the Domesday Survey. Further, it so happens that because they had been but recently conquered, and had not yet been added to any English county, and because also their customs differed from those of the neighbouring English manors, the services of their tenants, quite out of ordinary course, are described. So that, by a convenient chance, we are able to bring together upon the evidence of the Domesday [p184] Survey the _land systems_ of a district which for five hundred years before the Norman Conquest had been the extreme south-east edge of Wales, and of a district which for the same five hundred years had been the extreme south-west corner of Saxon England, beyond the Severn. We have seen what was the Saxon land system on one side of the Wye, which divided the two districts; let us now see what was the Welsh land system on the other side of the river, so far as it is disclosed in the Survey. «Gwent.» Part of the Welsh district of Gwent is thus described in the Domesday annexe to Gloucestershire:-- 'Under Waswic, the præpositus, are xiii. villæ; under [another præpositus] xiiii. villæ, under [another præpositus] xiii., under [another præpositus] xiiii. (_i.e._ 54 in all). These render xlvii. sextars of honey, and xl. pigs, and xli. cows, and xxviii. shillings for hawks.[208] . . . 'Under the same præpositi are four villæ wasted by King Caraduech.'[209] Again, a little further on, this entry occurs:-- 'The same A. has in Wales _vii. villæ_ which were in the demesne of Count William and Roger his son (_i.e._ Fitz-Osbern, Earl of Hereford and Lord of Gwent). These render _vi. sextars of honey_, vi. pigs, and x. shillings.'[210] Passing to the Domesday description of the district of _Archenfield_, we find a similar record. «Archenfield.» The heading of the survey for Herefordshire[211] is as follows: 'Hic annotantur terras tenentes in [p185] Herefordscire et in Arcenefelde et in Walis.' And further on[212] we learn that--