Again, an example taken from the Ordnance Survey--from county Monaghan--will most clearly illustrate these points, and help the reader to appreciate the reality of the tribal arrangements. In the survey of the barony of 'Monoughan'[295] made in 1607, the '_half ballibetogh called Correskallie_' is described as containing eight 'tates,' the Irish names of which are recorded. They are given below, and an English translation of the names is added[296] in brackets to illustrate their peculiar and generally non-personal character. In the half ballibetogh called Correskallie (Round Hill of the Story-tellers)-- 4 tates Corneskelfee (? Correskallie). Correvolen (Round Hill of the Mill). Corredull (Round Hill of the Black Fort). Aghelick (Field of the Badger). 4 tates Dromore (the Great Ridge). Killagharnane (Wood of the Heap). Fedowe (Black Wood). Clonelolane (Lonan's Meadow). A reduced map of this ancient 'half-ballibetogh,' as it appears now on the large Ordnance Survey, is appended, in which the names of the old 'tates' appear, with but little change, in the modern townlands. The remains of the circular enclosures [p225] marking the sites of the old 'tates' are still to be traced in one or two cases. The acreage of each townland is given on the map in English measures. It will be remembered that in Monaghan 60 Irish acres were allotted to each tate instead of the usual 30. [Illustration: _Example of an ancient_ 'Bally' _or_ 'Townland' _still divided into_ 'Quarters' _which are now called 'Townlands,' taken from sheet 103 of the Ordnance Survey of Co. Galway_.] [Illustration: MAP of the 'half-Bally' _OF_ CORRESKALLIE Co. Monaghan.] This evidence will be sufficient to prove that the arithmetical clustering of the homesteads was real, and that, as in Wales, so in Ireland, under the tribal system the homesteads were scattered over the country, and not grouped together in villages and towns.[297] Passing to the methods of agriculture, it is obvious, that, even in a pastoral state, the growth of corn cannot be wholly neglected. We have seen that in Wales there was agriculture, and that, so far as it extended, the ploughing was conducted on an open-field system, and by joint-ploughing. It was precisely so also in Ireland, and it had been from time immemorial. «Open fields.» It is stated in the 'Book of the Dun Cow' (_Lebor na Huidre_), compiled in the _seventh_ century by the Abbot of Clanmacnois, known to us in an Irish MS. of the year 1100, that 'there was not a ditch, nor fence, nor stone wall round land till came the period of the sons of Aed Slane [in the seventh century], but only smooth fields.' Add to this the passage pointed out by Sir H. S. Maine[298] in the 'Liber Hymnorum' (a MS. probably of the eleventh century), viz.-- [p226]