[486] Waitz speaks of the three great fields under the '_Dreifelderwirthschaft_' as 'Zelgen.'--_Verfassung der Deutschen Völker_, i. 120. And see _infra_, chap. x. s. iii. [487] Pertz, _Legum_, iii. pp. 51, 52. [488] Pertz, _Legum_, t. iii. pp. 278–280. [489] Compare _Chlotharii II. Præceptio_ (584–628) s. 11. 'Agraria, pascuaria vel decimas porcorum ecclesiæ pro fidei nostræ devotione concedimus, ita ut actor aut decimator in rebus ecclesiæ nullus accedat.'--_Mon. Germ. Hist. Capitularia_, I. i. p. 19. [490] This word '_accola_' is often used in charters for '_free coloni_.' [491] In the Glosses this andecena is called a '_sharwork_.' [492] _Geschichte der Dorfverfassung in Deutschland_, i. pp. 6 _et seq._ [493] _Traditiones in Pago Rhinensi. Codex Lauresham._ pp. 357 _et seq._ [494] _Dorfverfassung_, pp. 15 _et seq._ [495] Ammianus Marcellinus, bk. xvii. c. i., A.D. 357. [496] _Codex Lauresham._ pp. 326, 362, 369, 375 and _passim_. [497] _Codex Lauresham._ p. 3. [498] It is curious to notice that 'coliberti' appear also in the _western_ counties of England in the Domesday Survey. [499] _Codex Lauresham._ i. pp. 15–16. [500] _Id._ i. pp. 18 and 19. [501] _Id._ i. p. 297. [502] _Id._ i. p. 303. [503] _Codex Lauresham._ i. p. 347. [504] _Id._ i. pp. 349–350. [505] _Id._ ii. pp. 232 _et seq._ [506] _Urkundenbuch_ of St. Gall, i. p. 50. [507] _Codex Laureshamensis_, iii. 212. See also the services at _Winenheim_ (iii. 205), a manor near Heppenheim. [p336] CHAPTER IX. _THE GERMAN SIDE OF THE CONTINENTAL EVIDENCE._ I. THE GERMAN TRIBAL SYSTEM, AND ITS TENDENCY TOWARDS THE MANORIAL SYSTEM. «Cæsar's description of the German tribal system.» The description given of the Germans by Cæsar is evidently that of a people in the same tribal stage of economic development as the one with which Irish and Welsh evidence has made us familiar. 'Their whole life is occupied in hunting and warlike enterprise. . . . They do not apply much to agriculture, and their food mostly consists of milk, cheese, and flesh. Nor has anyone a fixed quantity of land or defined individual property, but the magistrates and chiefs assign to tribes and families who herd together, annually, and for one year's occupation, as much land and in such place as they think fit, compelling them the next year to move somewhere else.'[508] He also alludes to the frailty of their houses,[509] another mark of the tribal system in Wales, which [p337] indeed was a necessary result of the yearly migration to fresh fields and pastures. Now what were the tribes of Germans with whom Cæsar came most in contact? «The Suevi.»