It is worthy of notice that names ending in _ingham_ or _ington_ are not confined so closely to this district, but are spread much more evenly all over England.[540] Further, it will be observed that the counties where the names ending in _ing_ occur without a suffix are remarkably coincident with those where Mr. Elton has found survivals of the _right of the youngest_, _i.e._ the old 'Saxon shore.' [p356] «In Picardy.» Next, as to the opposite coast of _Picardy_, the _ings_ and _hems_ are alike, for very nearly all the _hems_ in the Survey of the Abbey of St. Bertin of A.D. 850 are preceded by _ing_, _i.e._ they are _inghems_. The proportion was found to be sixty per cent.[541] In this north-east corner of France the right of the youngest, as we have seen, also survives. «In the Moselle valley and round Troyes and Langres.» There are also many patronymic names of places in the Moselle valley and in Champagne around Troyes and Langres.[542] «In Frisia.» Next, as to _Frisia_, eight per cent. of the names mentioned in the Fulda records end in '_inga_,' two and a half per cent. in _ingaheim_, and three per cent. in _ing_ with some other suffix, making thirteen and a half per cent. in all. In Friesland also there are survivals of the _right of the youngest_. «In Germany most densely in the old Roman provinces of the 'Agri Decumates.'» Over North Germany, outside the Roman _limes_, the proportion is much less, shading off in the Fulda records from six to three, two, and one per cent. But the greatest proportion occurs within the Roman _limes_ in the valleys of the Neckar and the Upper Danube, where (according to the Fulda records) it rises to from twenty to twenty-four per cent.,[543] shading off to ten per cent. towards the Maine, and in the present Elsass, and to nine per cent. southwards in the neighbourhood of St. Gall.[544] [p357] This chief home of the 'ings' was the western part of the district of the 'Agri Decumates' of Tacitus and the northern province of Rhætia, gradually occupied by the Alamannic and Bavarian tribes in the later centuries of Roman rule. Whether they entered these districts under cover of the Roman peace, or as conquerors to disturb it, the founders of the 'ings' evidently came from German mountains and forests beyond the _limes_. «North of the _limes_ chiefly in Grapfeld and Thuringia.» North of the Danube names with this suffix extend chiefly through the region of the old Hermunduri into the district of Grapfeld and Thuringia, where they were in the Fulda records six per cent. This remarkable geographical distribution in Germany suggests important inferences. «They suggest settlements» (1) The attachment of the personal patronymic to the name of a particular locality implies in Germany no less than in Ireland and Wales a permanent settlement in that locality, and so far an abandonment of nomadic habits and even of the frequent redistributions and shifting of residences within the tribal territory.