If evidence had happened to have come to hand of a similar deportation of Alamannic Germans into Frisia instead of Frisians into Gaul, the coincidence would be still more complete. «Such settlements naturally in tribal households without slaves.» The suggestion is very precarious. Still, it might be asked, where should clusters of tribal households of Germans resembling the Welsh _Weles_ and _Gavells_ be more likely to perpetuate their character and resist for a time manorial tendencies than in these cases of peaceable or forced emigration into Roman provinces? Who would be more likely to do so than troublesome septs (like that of the Cumberland '_Grames_' in the days of James I.) deported bodily to a strange country, and settled, probably not on private estates, but on previously depopulated public land, without slaves, and without the possibility of acquiring them by making raids upon other tribes? «Not necessarily Alamannic.» Now, according to Professor Wilhelm Arnold, the German writer who has recently given the closest attention to these local names, the patronymic suffix [p360] 'ingen' is one of the distinctive marks of settlements of Alamannic and Bavarian tribes, and denotes that the districts wherein it is found have at some time or another been conquered or occupied by them. The _heims_, on the other hand, in this writer's view, are in the same way indicative of Frankish settlements.[545] The view of so accurate and laborious a student must be regarded as of great authority. But the foregoing inquiry has led in both cases to a somewhat different suggestion as to their meaning. The suffix _heim_ is Anglo-Saxon as well as Frankish, and translating itself into villa and manor seems to represent a settlement or estate most often of the manorial type. So that it seems likely, that whatever German tribes at whatever time came over into the Roman province and usurped the lordship of existing villas, or adopted the Roman villa as the type of their settlements, would probably have called them either _weilers_ or _heims_ according to whether they used the Roman or the German word for the same thing. And in the same way it also seems likely, that _whatever tribes_, at _whatever time_, by their own choice or by forced colonisation, settled in _house communities of tribesmen with or without a servile population under them_, would be passing through the stage in which they might naturally call their settlements or [p361] homesteads after their own names, using the patronymic suffix _ing_.