Universally, the fallow ends at the autumn sowing of the wheat crop of the next season, which is hence called 'winter corn.' The word _etch_, or _eddish_, or _edish_, occurs in Tusser, and means the stubble of the previous crop [p377] of whatever kind. Thus, in the 'Directions for February,' he says,-- «Etch-grain sown on the stubble of a previous crop.» 'Eat _etch_, ere ye plow, With hog, sheep, and cow.'[566] This is evidently to prepare the stubble of the last year's corn crop for the spring sown bean or other crop; for under the same month he says,-- Go plow in the stubble, for now is the season For sowing of vetches, of beans, and of peason.[567] In the directions for the October sowing are the following lines:-- Seed first go fetch For _edish_, or _etch_. White wheat if ye please, Sow now upon pease.[568] And again,-- When wheat upon _eddish_ ye mind to bestow Let that be the first of the wheat ye do sow. * * * * * White wheat upon pease-_etch_ doth grow as he would, But fallow is best if we did as we should. * * * * * When peason ye had and a fallow thereon, Sow wheat ye may well without dung thereupon.[569] «Tilth-grain sown on the fallow.» 'Etch-grain' is therefore the crop, generally oats or beans, sown in spring after ploughing the stubble of the wheat crop, which itself was best sown if possible upon the fallow, and so was called the 'tilth-grain.' «Breach-corn.» The oats or beans grown on the wheat stubble were sometimes called '_Breach_-corn,' and _Breach_-land was land prepared for a second crop.[570] [p378] Where shall we find these words and things on the Continent? Looking to the Latin words used for the three fields, it is obvious that these were sometimes regarded as three separate ploughings-- _araturæ_, or _culturæ_,--or as so many sowings--_sationes_,[571]--just as in the north of England they are called 'falls,' or 'fallows,' which have to be ploughed. «Names for the three fields, 'Felder,' 'Sationes,' 'Zelgen.'» In North Germany, where they occur, they are generally simply called '_felder_;'[572] in France around Paris they were called in the ninth century '_sationes_;'[573] but in South Germany and Switzerland the usual word for each field is _Zelg_, which Dr. Landau connects with the Anglo-Saxon '_tilgende_' (tilling), and the later English '_tilth_,' one of the Hitchin words. And he says that _Zelg_ strictly means only the ploughed field[574] (_aratura_), though used for all the three. The three fields were thus spoken of as three _tilths_. The word '_Zelg_' we have already found in the St. Gall charters in the eighth century, and Dr. Landau points out other instances of the same date of its use in the districts of Swabia, the middle Rhine, and later in the Inn Valley. «'Esch,' and the Gothic 'Attisk.'»