In the English system the furlongs were divided into strips or acres by turf balks left in the ploughing, and, as we have seen, on hill-sides, the strips became terraces, and the balks steep banks called 'linces.' It will be remembered that these were produced by the practice of always turning the sod downhill in the ploughing. There are many _linces_ as far north as in the district of the 'Teutoberger Wald,'[582] and they occur in great numbers as far south as the Inn Valley, all the way up to St. Mauritz and Pontresina. Although in many places the terraces in the Engadine are now grass-land, it is well known to the peasantry that they were made by ancient ploughing. The German word for the turf slope of these terraces is '_Rain_,' and, like the word balk, it means a strip of unploughed turf.[583] It is sometimes used for the terrace itself. Precisely the same word is used for the similar terraces in the Dales of Yorkshire, which are still called by the Dalesmen '_reeans_' or '_reins_.'[584] Terraces of the same kind are found in [p382] Scotland; and when Pennant in 1772 asked what they were called, he was told that they were '_baulks_.'[585] «The Celtic _Rhan_.» Both words suggest a wider than merely German origin. 'Balk' is as thoroughly a Welsh word[586] as it is English and German. 'Rain' can hardly be other than the Welsh '_Rhan_' (a division), or '_Rhyn_' and '_grwn_' (a ridge), with which the name of the open-field system in Ireland and Scotland--'_run-rig_'--is no doubt connected. The English word _lince_ or _linch_, with the Anglo-Saxon 'hlinc' and 'hlince,' is perhaps allied to the Anglo-Saxon 'Hlynian,' or 'Hlinian,' to lean, making its participle '_hlynigende_;' and this, and the old High German '_hlinen_,' are surely connected with the Latin and Italian '_inclinare_' and the French '_enclin_.' As we have seen, the Roman 'Agrimensores' called these slopes or terraces '_supercilia_.' * * * * * Next let us ask, whence came the English _acre strip_ itself? «The acre strip a day's work.» It represented, as we have seen, a day's work at ploughing. Hence the German _Morgen_ and _Tagwerk_, in the Alps _Tagwan_ and _Tagwen_; and hence also, as early as the eighth century, the Latin '_jurnalis_' and [p383] '_diurnalis_.'[587] In early Roman times Varro describes the _jugerum_ [or _jugum_]--the Roman acre--as '_quod juncti boves uno die exarare possint_.'[588] The division of arable open fields into day-works was therefore ancient. It was also widely spread, and by no means confined to the three-field system. It was common to the co-aration of both free tribesmen and 'taeogs' in Wales; and the Fellahin of Palestine to this moment divide their open fields into day-works for the purpose of easy division among them, according to their ploughs or shares in a plough.[589]