10. The laws of King Ethelbert--There were manors in the sixth century 173 11. Result of the Saxon evidence 175 CHAPTER VI. THE TRIBAL SYSTEM (IN WALES). 1. Evidence of the Domesday Survey 181 2. The Welsh land system in the twelfth century 186 3. The Welsh land system according to the Welsh laws 189 4. Land divisions under the Welsh Codes 199 5. Earlier evidence of the payment of Welsh gwestva, or food-rent 208 CHAPTER VII. THE TRIBAL SYSTEM (_continued_). 1. The tribal system in Ireland and Scotland 214 2. The tribal system in its earlier stages 231 3. The distinction between the tribal and agricultural economy of the West and South-East of Britain was pre-Roman, and so also was the open-field system 245 CHAPTER VIII. CONNEXION BETWEEN THE ROMAN LAND SYSTEM AND THE LATER MANORIAL SYSTEM. 1. Importance of the Continental evidence 252 2. The connexion between the Saxon 'ham,' the German 'heim,' and the Frankish 'villa' 253 3. The Roman 'villa,' its easy transition into the later manor, and its tendency to become the predominant type of estate 263 4. The smaller tenants on the 'Ager Publicus' in Roman provinces--The veterans 272 5. The smaller tenants on the 'Ager Publicus' (_continued_)--the 'læti' 280 6. The 'tributum' of the later Empire 289 7. The 'sordida munera' of the later Empire 295 8. The tendency towards a manorial management of the 'Ager Publicus,' or Imperial domain 300 9. The succession to semi-servile holdings, and methods of cultivation 308 10. The transition from the Roman to the later manorial system 316 CHAPTER IX. THE GERMAN SIDE OF THE CONTINENTAL EVIDENCE. 1. The German tribal system and its tendency towards the manorial system 336 2. The tribal households of German settlers 346 CHAPTER X. THE CONNEXION BETWEEN THE OPEN-FIELD SYSTEM AND SERFDOM OF ENGLAND AND OF THE ROMAN PROVINCES OF GERMANY AND GAUL. 1. The open-field system in England and in Germany compared 368 2. The boundaries or 'marchæ' 375 3. The three fields, or 'zelgen' 376 4. The division of the fields into furlongs and acres 380 5. The holdings--the 'yard-land' or 'hub' 389