The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11) — John Shaqi
The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11)Hobbes, Thomas
Philosophy
The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11)
Hobbes, Thomas
Philosophy, English -- 17th century
There be also other names, called _negative_, which are notes to signify
that a word is not the name of the thing in question; as these words,
_nothing_, _no man_, _infinite_, _indocible_, _three want four_, and the
like; which are nevertheless of use in reckoning, or in correcting of
reckoning, and call to mind our past cogitations, though they be not
names of any thing, because they make us refuse to admit of names not
rightly used.
[Sidenote: Words insignificant.]
All other names are but insignificant sounds; and those of two sorts.
One when they are new, and yet their meaning not explained by
definition; whereof there have been abundance coined by schoolmen, and
puzzled philosophers.
Another, when men make a name of two names, whose significations are
contradictory and inconsistent; as this name, an _incorporeal body_, or,
which is all one, an _incorporeal substance_, and a great number more.
For whensoever any affirmation is false, the two names of which it is
composed, put together and made one, signify nothing at all. For
example, if it be a false affirmation to say _a quadrangle is round_,
the word _round quadrangle_ signifies nothing, but is a mere sound. So
likewise, if it be false to say that virtue can be poured, or blown up
and down, the words _in-poured virtue_, _inblown virtue_, are as absurd
and insignificant as a _round quadrangle_. And therefore you shall
hardly meet with a senseless and insignificant word, that is not made up
of some Latin or Greek names. A Frenchman seldom hears our Saviour
called by the name of _parole_, but by the name of _verbe_ often; yet
_verbe_ and _parole_ differ no more, but that one is Latin, the other
French.
[Sidenote: Understanding.]
When a man, upon the hearing of any speech, hath those thoughts which
the words of that speech and their connexion were ordained and
constituted to signify, then he is said to understand it;
_understanding_ being nothing else but conception caused by speech. And
therefore if speech be peculiar to man, as for aught I know it is, then
is understanding peculiar to him also. And therefore of absurd and false
affirmations, in case they be universal, there can be no understanding;
though many think they understand then, when they do but repeat the
words softly, or con them in their mind.
What kinds of speeches signify the appetites, aversions, and passions of
man’s mind; and of their use and abuse, I shall speak when I have spoken
of the passions.
[Sidenote: Inconstant names.]
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