XI. TRADE UNDER THE TREATY OF NANKING 167 I. TEA 178 II. SILK 187 III. OPIUM 191 IV. CHINESE EXPORTS 200 V. BRITISH EXPORTS 203 VI. NATIVE TRADE 207 XII. SHIPPING 211 XIII. THE TRADERS-- I. FOREIGN 248 II. CHINESE 263 XIV. HONGKONG 271 XV. MACAO 287 XVI. PIRACY 299 XVII. THE ARROW WAR 308 I. THE EARL OF ELGIN AND HIS MISSION 320 II. LORD ELGIN'S SECOND MISSION 349 XVIII. INTERCOURSE UNDER THE TREATIES OF 1858 AND 1860-- I. THE DIPLOMATIC OVERTURE 361 II. NEW PORTS AND OPENING OF YANGTZE 369 III. ADMIRAL HOPE'S POLICY TOWARDS INSURGENTS 375 IV. THE LAY-OSBORN FLOTILLA 387 V. THE END OF THE REBELLION 392 VI. EVACUATION OF CANTON 396 VII. DEATH OF THE EMPEROR 397 VIII. INFLUENCE OF THESE EVENTS ON PROGRESS OF DIPLOMACY 398 APPENDIX. I. NOTE ON OUR PRESENT POSITION AND THE STATE OF OUR RELATIONS WITH CHINA, BY CONSUL ALCOCK, JANUARY 19, 1849 411 II. CONFIDENTIAL DESPATCH BY CONSUL ALCOCK TO SIR GEORGE BONHAM, JANUARY 13, 1852 428 III. CONFIDENTIAL DESPATCH TO SIR GEORGE BONHAM, DATED JUNE 17, 1852. (EXTRACT) 432 IV. ACCOUNT OF THE SALT TRADE ANNEXED TO MR PARKES' SUMMARY OF THE NATIVE MARITIME TRADE OF FOOCHOW, 1846. (EXTRACTS) 439 ILLUSTRATIONS TO THE FIRST VOLUME. PAGE MR RUTHERFORD ALCOCK AT THE AGE OF THIRTY-FOUR. _Frontispiece_ From a drawing by L. A. de Fabeck. MACAO 48 H.M. SHIPS IMOGEN AND ANDROMACHE PASSING BOCCA TIGRIS BATTERIES 70 THE LAKES, NINGPO 114