in painting and gemmary, as he had called Dr. English a charlatan in literature, who did not know the rules of grammar. So this is an illustration of how sadism made him unconsciously write at least one tale of punishing an enemy by burying him alive. III After all, Poe is chiefly the dreamer and author of dream literature. The narrator of Berenice tells in detail how he was always dreaming. In _Assignation_ the lover says, "To dream has been the business of my life. I have, therefore, framed for myself a bower of dreams." In _Eleonora_ the narrator says those who dream by day obtain glimpses of eternity. Roger Usher was a dreamer. Poe's _Eureka_ was dedicated to those who dream instead of those who think. He also wanted to transcend reality. He builded an ideal landscape in _The Domain of Arnheim_ because he thinks art can surpass nature. He hated the ugliness of to-day and he tried in _Some Words with a Mummy_ to revive a mummy to tell him of ancient Egypt and to give him the secret that enables one to suspend life temporarily and to be revived again centuries hence. He says in an early poem that all his days have been a dream. (_A Dream Within a Dream._) Poe was true to the psychology of the dreamer; he created things out of his fancies to be as he would like them to be because he did not have them in reality. He was poor and described mansions with wonderful furniture. He was sad because of deaths and lost loves and tried in some tales to conquer death. His _The Raven_ is really an anxiety dream. Fear prompted it, the fear that he would never be with his lost Lenore, who probably was Mary. She then inspired this his most famous poem. His characters cannot help being dreamers, for their creator was one. He was so absorbed in his dreams that he never tried to take an interest in reality. Hence we find no moral note in Poe's work; there is one exception, _William Wilson_. He took no interest in philanthropy, reforms, transcendentalism or other movements of the day, and he disliked Emerson. One would never know from his work whether he lived at the time he did or in the eighteenth or twentieth century. One does not know from his work that there was a Mexican war or a slavery problem in his day.