Erotic literature -- History and criticism; Psychoanalysis and literature; Sex in literature
As we know, in dreams there is considerable distortion, and the person
of our dream in an instant becomes another individual. This occurs in
Stevenson's dream. No doubt the dreamer's father was actually made up
of a combination of the elder Stevenson and Mr. Osbourne, both of whom
Stevenson wished were out of the way. But a more important distortion
takes place, the merging of the second wife of the dreamer's murdered
father with the married woman in real life whom Stevenson loved. We
recall that in the dream the dreamer lives with his father's second
wife in the house after the murder, but there is a barrier between
them, for the dreamer is haunted by the woman's possible knowledge
of his guilt. He loves her really and they return arm in arm from the
scene of the murder. He did not want her to know that he had committed
the murder because he wanted to marry her. He searched her possessions
for the evidence of the guilt she found and then bursts out asking why
she tortures him, he is not an enemy of hers; that he really loves her,
is implied. She also, it appears, had loved him and makes confession of
the fact. No doubt this scene must be largely a picture of the proposal
of Stevenson to his future wife. The situation depicted showing the
feeling of guilt the dreamer has for his murder may be traced to his
own guilty thoughts in actual life on account of his unconscious wishes
for both husband and father to be out of the way. These feelings appear
in the remorse of the murderer and in his suspicion of discovery by the
woman he loves. We might trace the dream to much earlier material in
Stevenson's life if we knew all the facts. We do know that he had an
earlier love affair in youth in which he was disappointed and that he
has left us poems celebrating that episode.
The dream concludes with the implication that the dreamer and the
step-mother marry as they had confessed their love to one another;
there are no longer any remorses or fears on one side or suspicions
on the other, and the obstacles to the marriage, the objections of
the dreamer's father, the legal ties of the husband to the beloved
woman, have been removed. Stevenson wanted all this to happen in real
life and later it incidentally did turn out that way. Both his father
and the husband of Mrs. Osbourne were removed as barriers, the former
by acquiescence and forgiving, the latter by divorce. The dreamer
represents as fulfilled his wish to marry Mrs. Osbourne, with all
opposition removed. The dreamer's father is both the elder Stevenson
and Mr. Osbourne, the father and the husband respectively, made one in
the dream; the second wife of the father, step-mother of the dreamer,
becomes Mrs. Osbourne, Stevenson's love who became a wife a second
time. Thus we have had what Freud calls condensation and displacement
in the dream.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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