After having formed this theory, I discovered the following significant passage in Plato's Republic, Book X, "For we are told that even Creophylus neglected Homer singularly in his lifetime." V There are thousands of dreams, actual and artificial, reported in literature and history. Many of these may be analysed, but in most of them sufficient data are lacking to help us with the analysis. There are entire books cast in the form of dreams. There are Flaubert's _Temptation of St. Anthony_, Hauptmann's _Hannele_, Strindberg's _Dream Play_, Maeterlinck's _The Blue Bird_, and its sequel _The Betrothal_, Newman's _Dream of Gerontius_, William Morris's _Dream of John Ball_. There are the artificial visions of Dante, Bunyan and Langland. There are dreams recorded in Apuleius, Rabelais, Chaucer, the Mort D'Arthur, Swedenborg; in the Bible and the Talmud; in the histories of Herodotus, Xenophon, Suetonius, Dio Cassius; in _Richard III_ and _Cymbeline_, in _Paradise Lost_ and _Robinson Crusoe_ and Hawthorne. The dreams recorded in ancient and mediæval literature are in many cases actual ones. Dreams were formerly regarded as being prophetic of the future, but they only rarely have such value. For this reason most of the interpretations put on them by ancient sages are worthless for our purposes. Cicero in his _On Divination_ has reported many dreams and given us arguments pro and con regarding their prophetic value. It is to be hoped that the scientific investigation of Freud into the interpretation of dreams will not give superstition a new weapon. CHAPTER IV THE ŒDIPUS COMPLEX AND THE BROTHER AND SISTER COMPLEX I Freud opened up a new field of dream interpretation by his discovery of the significance of the remark of the chorus in Sophocles's _Œdipus_ about men dreaming of incestuous relations with their own mothers. He saw this dream referred to the barbarous times in which such incest actually occurred, and to the infantile affection of the child for the mother. He saw that the counterpart of this dream was in the mythical material dramatised by Sophocles of a man murdering his father and marrying his mother. The dream means that one wants his mother's love. Herodotus reports a dream of Hippias who dreamt of incest with his mother. Plato's _Republic_, Bk. IX, says that in our dream our animal nature practises incest with the mother. Dio Cassius reports Cæsar had such a dream.