As respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging freedom of speech or the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition to government for a redress of grievances, Congress can make no law whatever.[377] Nor can Congress infringe the right of the people to keep and bear arms, or violate their right to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, or pass any law holding a person to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime unless on presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in the actual service of the United States in time of war, or public danger; or pass any law compelling any person to be subject for the same offence twice to be put in jeopardy of life or limb, or be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, or be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; or pass any law taking private property for public use without just compensation.[378] The practical effect of the limitations expressed in the Fifth Amendment can be known only by judicial interpretation, and decision of cases instituted under it; no theoretical definition can anticipate these decisions of the Supreme Court. The principle involved is the protection of certain fundamental rights of the people. In a similar manner do the Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth Amendments guard fundamental rights and limit the legislative power delegated to Congress by the people of the United States. This means that Congress has no power to deny or to disparage rights enumerated in these Amendments which are, as a group, enumerative of rights at common law. Nor are the rights enumerated, or set forth, in the Constitution as (practically) excepted out of the powers of government, and forever inviolate, the only rights which Congress, in exercising its powers, is inhibited from violating. Other and unmentioned rights of the people are distinctly implied,[379] as retained by them, and the Tenth Amendment is a general limitation of Congress, President, and Courts, for it declares that “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”[380]