Dr. Edward Martin of the Pennsylvania University[224] and Delbet[225] have removed sterility by effecting a patulous anastomosis between the vas and the epididymis, and this method is applicable after vasectomy by cutting, but it is not successful, as a rule. It has been done effectively where the vas had no stricture. McKenna,[226] in five attempts on men, succeeded once. Fürbringer[227] said that in his experience with a thousand cases of double epididymis, the condition is incurable in 80 per cent. of the gonorrheal infections. [224] _University of Pennsylvania Medical Bulletin_, 1902, p. 388; 1903, xv, 2; _Therapeutic Gazette_, December 15, 1909. [225] _Revue de Thérapeutique Médico-chirurgicale_, January 15, 1912. [226] _Journal Amer. Med. Assoc._, January 26, 1915. [227] _Deutsche med. Wochenschrift_, xxxix, 29. Apart from the so-called vasectomy law, gynecologists quite frequently sterilize women who have chronic heart disease, tuberculosis, nephritis, diabetes, or hereditary mental taints. Some men, like Spinelli, Cramer, Polak, and others, would sterilize also in chronic anemia, persistent albuminuria, epilepsy, syphilis, contracted pelvis, diseases of metabolism, infections, and cirrhosis of the liver. There are several methods of sterilizing women--removal of the ovaries, ligation of the Fallopian tubes, resection of portions of the tubes, resection of the whole tube on each side, cutting the tubes and burying the cut end in the tissues by various methods, and destruction of the lining of the uterus by vaporization or the thermocautery. De Tarnowsky[228] describes the various methods. Some ligations and short resections have failed to sterilize. When the ovaries or uterus are removed, or the major part of the tubes are resected, or the lining of the uterus has been destroyed, the sterilization is permanent. Almost certainly function could be restored where the resection of the tubes is not too destructive. Apart from the matter of mutilation, the effects of double oöphorectomy are very grave,[229] and removal of the uterus or the ovaries merely for sterilization is not only immoral, but altogether unjustifiable scientifically. [228] _Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc._, April 19, 1913. [229] See the chapter on Gonorrhea.