Gunn and Martin,[76] in experiments on rabbits poisoned by chloroform and apparently dead, found they could resuscitate about 70 per cent. of the animals if treatment was begun within ten minutes after the heart ceased beating. They started artificial respiration through a tube in the trachea, then injected epinephrin into the pericardium, and afterward massaged the heart through an opening in the abdomen. The rate of compression of the heart in this massage must be somewhat less than half that of the normal beat, and at short intervals the massage is to be stopped to allow the spontaneous beats to develop. Compression should be gradual and the relaxation abrupt. The massage is applied by one of these four methods, and they are arranged here in the order of their efficiency: (1) by direct compression of the heart through an opening in the thorax; (2) by compression above the diaphragm through an opening in the belly-wall; (3) by simple compression of the abdomen; (4) by simple compression of the thorax. Epinephrin, or pituitary extract, is used as an adjuvant intravenously to increase the cardiac movement after it has been started. The same methods will probably be effective in man, and have been used successfully. [76] _Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics._ Baltimore, July, 1915. * * * * * When a woman is _in articulo mortis_ with a living fetus in her womb, one should not wait for her death. If one waits, he will nearly always lose the child. The cervix should be dilated forcibly, the child turned and delivered. Even if this forcible delivery should happen to hasten somewhat the mother's death, the action would be morally licit. It would be a double-effect action; the two effects would proceed immediately and equally from the act, which is indifferent morally; one effect, the good one, is to save the child for baptism at least, and possibly permanently; the second, evil but reluctantly permitted, is the possible hastening of the maternal death. I should be willing even to slit the cervix, if necessary, provided the diagnosis were certain, with the possibility of tearing the uterus, in a case where the dilatation of the cervix would be too slow a method; but this supposition is scarcely practical.