At this point in the dialogue, Socrates is warned by his monitory spirit
that he has been engaging in a defamation of love despite the fact that
love is a divinity. “If love is, as indeed he is, a god or something
divine, he can be nothing evil; but the two speeches just now said that
he was evil.” These discourses were then an impiety—one representing
non-love as admirable and the other attacking love as base. Socrates
resolves to make amends, and the recantation which follows is one of the
most elaborate developments in the Platonic system. The account of love
which emerges from this new position may be summarized as follows.
Love is often censured as a form of madness, yet not all madness is evil.
There is a madness which is simple degeneracy, but on the other hand
there are kinds of madness which are really forms of inspiration, from
which come the greatest gifts conferred on man. Prophecy is a kind of
madness, and so too is poetry. “The poetry of the sane man vanishes into
nothingness before that of the inspired madman.” Mere sanity, which is
of human origin, is inferior to that madness which is inspired by the
gods and which is a condition for the highest kind of achievement. In
this category goes the madness of the true lover. His is a generous state
which confers blessings to the ignoring of self, whereas the conduct of
the non-lover displays all the selfishness of business: “the affection of
the non-lover, which is alloyed with mortal prudence and follows mortal
and parsimonious rules of conduct will beget in the beloved soul the
narrowness which common folk praise as virtue; it will cause the soul to
be a wanderer upon the earth for nine thousand years and a fool below the
earth at last.” It is the vulgar who do not realize that the madness of
the noble lover is an inspired madness because he has his thoughts turned
toward a beauty of divine origin.
Now the attitude of the noble lover toward the beloved is in direct
contrast with that of the evil lover, who, as we have seen, strives
to possess and victimize the object of his affections. For once the
noble lover has mastered the conflict within his own soul by conquering
appetite and fixing his attention upon the intelligible and the divine,
he conceives an exalted attitude toward the beloved. The noble lover now
“follows the beloved in reverence and awe.” So those who are filled with
this kind of love “exhibit no jealousy or meanness toward the loved one,
but endeavor by every means in their power to lead him to the likeness
of the god whom they honor.” Such is the conversion by which love turns
from the exploitative to the creative.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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