[50] If further evidence of Burke’s respect for circumstance were needed, one could not do better than cite his sentence from the _Reflections_ depicting the “circumstance” of Bourbon France (_Works_, II, 402). “Indeed, when I consider the face of the kingdom of France; the multitude and opulence of her cities; the useful magnificence of her spacious high roads and bridges; the opportunity of her artificial canals and navigations opening the conveniences of maritime communication through a continent of so immense an extent; when I turn my eyes to the stupendous works of her ports and harbours, and to her whole naval apparatus, whether for war or trade; when I bring before my view the number of her fortifications, constructed with so bold and masterly skill, and made and maintained at so prodigious a charge, presenting an armed front and impenetrable barrier to her enemies upon every side; when I recollect how very small a part of that extensive region is without cultivation, and to what complete perfection the culture of many of the best productions of the earth have been brought in France; when I reflect on the excellence of her manufactures and fabrics, second to none but ours, and in some particulars not second; when I contemplate the grand foundations of charity, public and private; when I survey the state of all the arts that beautify and polish life; when I reckon the men she has bred for extending her fame in war, her able statesmen, the multitude of her profound lawyers and theologians, her philosophers, her critics, her historians and antiquaries, her poets and her orators, sacred and profane: I behold in all this something which awes and commands the imagination, which checks the mind on the brink of precipitate and undiscriminate censure, and which demands that we should very seriously examine, what and how great are the latent vices that could authorize us at once to level so spacious a fabric with the ground.” [51] _Works_, II, 282. [52] _Works_, II, 551. [53] _Works_, II, 348-49. [54] _Works_, I, 432. [55] _Works_, II, 335. [56] _Works_, III, 317-18. [57] _Works_, III, 16. [58] _Works_, II, 334. [59] _Works_, VII, 60. [60] _Works_, VI, 34. [61] _A Life of Edmund Burke_ (London, 1891), p. 523. [62] _Democracy in America_ (Cambridge [Mass.], 1873), I, 226. [63] _Works_, III, 109. [64] _Loc. cit._ [65] _Works_, III, 36. [66] Quoted in Marquis James, _Life of Andrew Jackson_ (Indianapolis, 1937), p. 740. [67] _Origins of the Whig Party_ (Durham, N. C., 1925), p. 227. [68] _The Whig Party in Georgia_, 1825-1853 (Chapel Hill, 1948), p. 192. [69] _Ibid._ [70] _Op. cit._, p. 206. [71] Most of Lincoln’s associates in Illinois—including David Davis, Orville H. Browning, John M. Palmer, Lyman Trumbull, Leonard Swett, and Ward Hill Lamon—who had been ardent Republicans before the war, left the party in the years following. See David Donald, _Lincoln’s Herndon_ (New York, 1948), p. 263. [72] _Op. cit._, p. 203.