We see the nature of this distinction when we realize that there is never
an argument, in the true sense of the term, about facts. When facts are
disputed, the argument must be suspended until the facts are settled.
Not until then may it be resumed, for all true argument is about the
meaning of established or admitted facts. And since this meaning is
always expressed in propositions, we can say further that all argument
is about the systematic import of propositions. While that remains so,
the truth of the theory of evolution or of any scientific theory can
never be settled in a court of law. The court could admit the facts into
the record, but the process of legal determination would deal with the
meaning of the facts, and it could not go beyond saying that the facts
comport, or do not comport, with the meanings of other propositions.
Thus its task is to determine their place in a system of discourse and
if possible to effect a resolution in accordance with the movement of
dialectic. It is necessary that logic in its position as ultimate arbiter
preserve this indifference toward that actuality which is the touchstone
of scientific fact.
It is plain that those who either expected or hoped that science would
win a sweeping victory in the Tennessee courtroom were the same people
who believe that science can take the place of speculative wisdom.
The only consolation they had in the course of the trial was the
embarrassment to which Darrow brought Bryan in questioning him about the
Bible and the theory of evolution (during which Darrow did lead Bryan
into some dialectical traps). But in strict consideration all of this
was outside the bounds of the case because both the facts of evolution
and the facts of the Bible were “items not in discourse,” to borrow a
phrase employed by Professor Adler. That is to say, their correctness had
to be determined by scientific means of investigation, if at all; but
the relationship between the law and theories of man’s origin could be
determined only by legal casuistry, in the non-pejorative sense of that
phrase.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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