3. The intermixture of blood, and, consequently, the purity of the present stock, I believe to have varied with the different populations with which the Germanic invaders came in contact. Although both the Lapp and Kwain (_i.e._, the Laplander and the Finlander) are Ugrian, there is this important difference in respect to their relations to the Swedes and Norwegians. The Kwain and Scandinavian intermarry; the Lapp and Scandinavian do not. Hence we infer that in proportion as the original Ugrians of the southern and central parts of Scandinavia approached the Lapp type, displacement and extermination was the rule, intermixture the exception; whereas, on the other hand, the natives of the Kwain type may have amalgamated with their invaders. If so, the present Scandinavian stock is pure or mixed in proportion as the area it occupied was Lapp or Kwain. The details of this question are difficult. As a rough rule, however, we may say that the basis becomes less and less Ugrian as we proceed northwards; inasmuch as the type became more and more Lapponic, and the Germanic intermixture less and less. The Gothlanders from the first were, probably, half-bloods, _i.e._, Ugrian on the mother’s side, as the invasion was maritime. The extent to which they are, at present, Germanic in blood as well as language, is uncertain. The Goths from Prussia effected settlements in Sweden, why not also the Kwains of Finland? I think I find traces of their having done so in the name _Anger_-man-land, or _Angria_, which can scarcely be supposed to resemble the name of the _Inger_-man-land or _Ingria_, on the Gulf of Finland, by accident. But what if the name were not native, as I think it was not? In that case it is Goths who give it--both to the Ingrians and the Angrians. If so, Gothland must, at one time, politically, at least, have reached as far as 64° north latitude, the parallel of Angermania. But the name may have been a _common_ rather than a _proper_ one, and have meant simply the _March_. If so, a Kwain settlement is unnecessary, and _Anger-manna_-land=the _Land of the men of the frontier_, that frontier being Lapp. If so, _Lapp_-mark is its Swedish equivalent. CHAPTER X. RUMELIA.--THE TURK STOCK.--ZONES OF CONQUEST.--EARLY INTRUSIONS OF TURK POPULATIONS WESTWARD.--THRACIANS.--THE ANCIENT MACEDONIANS.--THE PELASGI OF MACEDONIA.--BOSNIA, HERZEGOVNA AND TURKISH CROATIA.--BULGARIA. The European population of the Ottoman Empire, laying aside Jews, Armenians, and other similarly non-indigenous populations, is fivefold--Turk, Greek, Slavonic, Rumanyo, and Albanian. The Albanian, however, it was necessary to consider in the first chapter.