Produced by Colin Bell, Stephen Blundell and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) Transcriber's Note: Archaic, dialect and variant spellings (including quoted proper nouns) remain as printed, except where noted. Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note; significant amendments have been listed at the end of the text. Greek text appears as originally printed. THE ETHNOLOGY OF THE BRITISH ISLANDS. THE ETHNOLOGY OF THE BRITISH ISLANDS. BY R. G. LATHAM, M.D., F.R.S., CORRESPONDING MEMBER TO THE ETHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY, NEW YORK, ETC. [Device] LONDON: JOHN VAN VOORST, PATERNOSTER ROW. MDCCCLII. LONDON: PRINTED BY T. E. METCALF, 63, SNOW HILL. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PAGE Preliminary Remarks.--Present Populations of the British Isles.-- Romans, &c.--Pre-historic Period.--The Irish Elk.--How far Contemporaneous with Man.--Stone Period.--Modes of Sepulture.-- The Physical Condition of the Soil.--Its Fauna.--Skulls of the Stone Period.--The Bronze Period.--Gold Ornaments.--Alloys and Castings.--How far Native or Foreign.--Effect of the Introduction of Metals.--Dwellings. 1 CHAPTER II. Authorities for the Earliest Historical Period.--Herodotus.-- Aristotle.--Polybius.--Onomacritus.--Diodorus Siculus.--Strabo.-- Festus Avienus.--Ultimate sources.--Damnonii.--Phœnician Trade.-- The Orgies.--South-Eastern Britons of Cæsar.--The Details of his Attacks.--The Caledonians of Galgacus. 38 CHAPTER III. Origin of the Britons.--Kelts of Gaul.--The Belgæ.--Whether Keltic or German.--Evidence of Cæsar.--Attrebates, Belgæ, Remi, Durotriges and Morini, Chauci and Menapii. 58 CHAPTER IV. The Picts.--List of Kings.--Penn Fahel.--Aber and Inver.--The Picts probably, but not certainly, Britons. 76 CHAPTER V. Origin of the Gaels.--Difficulties of its Investigation.--Not Elucidated by any Records, nor yet by Traditions.--Arguments from the Difference between the British and Gaelic Languages.--The British Language spoken in Gaul.--The Gaelic not known to be spoken in any part of the Continent.--Lhuyd's Doctrine.--The Hibernian Hypothesis.--The Caledonian Hypothesis.--Postulates. 83