The Ethnology of the British IslandsLatham, R. G. (Robert Gordon)
History
The Ethnology of the British Islands
Latham, R. G. (Robert Gordon)
Ethnology -- Great Britain
Coins have been found in many places; but as it is not always certain
that they were not Gallic, the proofs of a very early coinage in Britain
is inconclusive. Indeed, the notion that the tin trade--to which may be
added that in fur and salt--was carried on by barter is the more
probable. But the coins of Cynobelin are numerous. They have been well
illustrated;[4] are of gold and silver; and whether stamped in Gaul or
Britain, indicate civilization of commerce and industry. The measure of
the progress of Britain from the Stone period upwards, partly referrible
to indigenous development, partly to Gallic, and partly to Phœnician,
intercourse, is to be found in these coins. It is the civilization of a
brave people endowed with the arts of agriculture and metallurgy,
capable of considerable political organization, and with more than one
point of contact with the continent--their war-chariots, their language,
and their Druidism being their chief distinctive characters. Iron was in
use at this time--though, perhaps, it was rare.
The conquests under Claudius carry us over new localities; and they are
related by a great historian, with more than ordinary means of
information. In Tacitus we read the accounts of Agricola. Yet the
information, with the exception of a few interesting details, is
confirmatory of what we have been told before, rather than suggestive of
any essential differences between the Britons of the interior and the
Britons of the southern coast. The war-chariot was limited to certain
districts. The rule of a woman was tolerated. The wives and mothers
looked-on upon the battles of the husbands and daughters. They may be
said, indeed, to have shared in them. Their cries, and shrieks, and
reproaches, their dishevelled hair, all helped to stimulate the
warriors, who opposed Suetonius Paulinus in the fastnesses of the Isle
of Anglesey. The Druids added fuel to the fiery energy thus excited.
There was the political organization that consolidates kingdoms. There
was the spirit of faction which disintegrates them. As were the
Brigantes, so were the Iceni; as were the Iceni, so were the Silures and
Ordovices. The same family likeness runs throughout; likeness in
essentials, difference in detail. In Caledonia the hair was flaxen; in
South Wales curled and black. The complexion too was florid, from which
Tacitus has drawn certain inferences.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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