Austria, given _carte blanche_, x; refuses peace proposals, xi; underlying causes of her ultimatum to Servia, 19 ff.; annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina, 20; keeps secret diplomatic correspondence, 23; Crown Prince of, assassinated, 20, 31; silence of, proves guilt, 25, 26; refuses England's propositions, 28; Germany's communications to, withheld from public, 28, 29; _Red Book_ of, analyzed, 30; attitude of, false, 34; ignorance of ultimatum of, among diplomatic corps, 33; insists situation will "be cleared up," 35; of necessity supported by Germany before ultimatum, 36, 37; would not have sent ultimatum without Germany's backing, 36 ff.; ultimatum of, examined and characterized, 40, 41; ultimatum of, to Servia quoted in full, 47 _et seq._; population of, 55; Austria-Servian relations, 56; promises to respect Servian territory, 59, 60; effect of ultimatum of, 61; attitude of, towards Servia's reply, 83, 84; most discreditable action of, 86; mobilizes, 86; not urged by Germany to consider peace proposals, 88; does not reply to Russian proposal, 91; claims Servia to be aggressor in first skirmish, 96; refuses discussion of Servian note, 98; again refuses Russia's pleas for peace, 99, 100; suppression of news in, 113; offered reparation by Servia, 114; knew that Servia would refuse demand of "judiciary coöperation," 115; sounds Italy regarding war on Servia, 119; ultimatum designedly withheld from powers, 121; petty finesse of, 123; ultimatum issued when foreign diplomats were out of the way, 123, 124; avoids foreign diplomats, 125; believes its interests require punishment of Servia, 136; national selfishness, 136; bombards Belgrade, 149; insists upon pursuing action against Servia, 170; at last agrees to discuss Servian note with Russia, 173; causes of partial reversal of policy, 175 ff.; offer of July 31, 1914, 190 _et seq._; offer to discuss ultimatum merely nominal, 190; refuses Russia's stipulation concerning mediation, 191; counter suggestions of, to British Government, 191; proposal of, absurd, 192; signs "neutrality of Belgium" treaty, 198; suppression of evidence by, useless, 246; conclusions concerning actions of, 249 _et seq._; see Berchtold, Szápáry, Triple Alliance B Balkans, existing status of, upset, 20 Balko-Turkish War, 34 Ballin, 223 Beck, James M., ancestry of, vii